PACS 2003 alphabetical pacs_03_alph.asc A A15 compounds and alloys, 74.70.Ad Aberrations, optical, 42.15.Fr Ab initio calculations (atoms and molecules), 31.15.Ar Ablation film deposition, 81.15.Fg laser impact on surfaces, 79.20.Ds in plasmas, 52.38.Ph Abrasion materials, 81.40.Pq mechanics, 46.55.+d Absorption acoustical architectural acoustics, *43.55.Ev, Nd linear acoustics, *43.20.Hq nonlinear acoustics, *43.25.Ed underwater, *43.30.Es, Ky by atoms, 32.80.–t of electromagnetic radiation in Earth's atmosphere, 42.68.Ay, 94.10.Gb in plasmas, 52.25.Os of laser light in plasmas, 52.38.Dx by molecules, 33.80.–b neutron, 28.20.Fc optical, 42.25.Bs of particles in plasmas, 52.25.Tx of photons by nuclei, 25.20.Dc Absorption coefficients, optical, 78.20.Ci Absorption edges, x-ray, 78.70.Dm Absorption spectra atoms, 32.30.–r biomolecules, 87.15.Mi clusters, 36.40.Mr excitons, 71.35.Cc macro- and polymer molecules, 36.20.Kd molecules, 33.20.–t solids and liquids, 78.40.–q Absorption spectroscopy biophysics, 87.64.Ni chemical analysis, 82.80.Dx instrumentation, 07.57.Ty, 07.60.Rd Abstraction reactions, 82.30.Hk Accelerated beams, in plasmas, 52.59.Bi, Fn Accelerated plasmas, 52.59.Dk Acceleration biological effects of, 87.65.+y laser-driven, 41.75.Jv by laser-plasma interactions, 52.38.Kd measurement of, 06.30.Gv of particles in interplanetary space, 96.50.Pw Accelerators collective and linear, 29.17.+w cyclic, 29.20.–c electrostatic, 29.17.+w for radiation therapy, 87.56.By Accidents (nuclear reactors), 28.41.Te Accommodation, gas dynamics, 47.45.Nd Accretion and accretion disks galactic, 98.62.Mw Milky Way, 98.35.Nq stellar, 97.10.Gz Acoustical holography, *43.35.Sx, *43.60.Sx Acoustical instruments and techniques, 07.64.+z, *43.58.–e, 43.58.+z Acoustical properties gases, 51.40.+p liquids, 62.60.+v rocks and minerals, 91.60.Lj solids, 62.65.+k solid surfaces and interfaces, 68.35.Iv superconductors, 74.25.Ld thin films, *43.35.Ns, 68.60.Bs Acoustic array systems, *43.60.Fg Acoustic emission, *43.40.Le Acoustic force microscopy, 68.37.Tj Acoustic impedance, *43.20.Rz architectural acoustics, *43.55.Ev of ground, snow, and ice, *43.28.En Acoustics architectural, *43.55.–n, 43.55.+p ASA Web page, *43.05.Gv atmospheric, *43.28.–g, 43.28.+h numerical methods for, *43.28.Js statistical characteristics, *43.28.Lv biological, *43.80.–n, 43.80.+p linear, *43.20.–f, 43.20.+g nonlinear, *43.25.–x, 43.25.+y physiological, *43.64.–q, 43.64.+r psychological, *43.66.–x, 43.66.+y ray, *43.20.Dk structural, *43.40.–r, 43.40.+s underwater, *43.30.–k, 43.30.+m Acoustic sensing, *43.60.Vx Acoustic signal coding, *43.60.Ek Acoustic signal processing, *43.60.–c, 43.60.+d Acoustics Research Letters Online (ARLO), *43.05.Gv Acoustic streaming, *43.25.Nm Acoustic tomography, *43.35.Wa, *43.60.Rw Acoustic transduction, 43.38.+n, *43.38.–p Acousto-electric effects conductivity phenomena, 72.50.+b piezoelectrics, 77.65.Dq thin films, 73.50.Rb Acousto-optical devices, 42.79.Jq Acousto-optical effects, *43.35.Sx, 78.20.Hp Activation analysis, radiochemical, 82.80.Jp Adaptation, visual color, 42.66.Ne light, 42.66.Lc Adaptive acoustical systems, *43.60.Mn Adaptive optical systems astronomy, 95.75.Qr atmospheric optics, 42.68.Wt Adhesion interfacial flow, 83.50.Lh solid surfaces and interfaces, 68.35.Np structural mechanics, 46.55.+d Admittance measurement, 84.37.+q Adsorbates assemblies of, 68.43.Hn diffusion, 68.43.Jk electron states, 73.20.Hb femtochemistry of, 82.53.St photoelectron spectra, 79.60.Dp statistical mechanics of, 68.43.De structure and reactions, 68.43.Bc, Fg vibrations, 68.43.Pq Adsorption fluid surfaces, 68.03.–g quantum fluids, 67.70.+n solid surfaces, 68.43.–h Aeroacoustics, *43.28.–g, 43.28.+h Aerodynamics, 47.85.Gj Aeroelasticity, 46.40.Jj Aerogels, reactions in, 82.33.Ln Aeronomy. See 94 Aerosols atmospheric optics, 42.68.Jg materials synthesis, 81.20.Rg meteorology, 92.60.Mt oceanography, 92.20.Bk physical chemistry, 82.70.Rr Aerospace bio- and medical physics, 87.65.+y Africa, 93.30.Bz Afterglow (plasma reactions), 82.33.Xj Aggregation cellular, 87.18.Ed diffusion-limited, 61.43.Hv macromolecules, 87.15.Nn Aging, materials, 81.40.Cd Aharonov–Bohm effect mesoscopic systems, 73.23.–b quantum mechanics, 03.65.Ta Airglow, 94.10.Rk Air pollution atmospheric chemistry, 82.33.Tb atmospheric optics, 42.68.Kh meteorology, 92.60.Sz Air transportation, 89.40.Dd Alfven waves, 52.35.Bj Algebra Lie, 02.20.Sv linear, 02.10.Uw matrix, 02.10.Yn Algebraic geometry, 02.10.–v Algebraic groups, 02.20.Hj Algebraic methods in quantum mechanics, 03.65.Fd in string theory, 11.25.Hf Algebraic rings, 02.10.Hh Algebraic structures, 02.10.De Algebraic topology, 02.40.Re Alkali halides, photoluminescence of, 78.55.Fv Alkali metals, electronic structure of, 71.20.Dg Alloys absorption spectra, 78.40.Kc diamagnetism and paramagnetism, 75.20.En electronic conduction bulk matter, 72.15.Cz, Eb liquid, 72.15.Cz thin films, 73.61.At electronic structure, 71.20.Be, Eh, Gj fabrication, 81.05.Bx impurity and defect levels, 71.55.Ak infrared and Raman spectra, 78.30.Er local magnetic moment, 75.20.Hr magnetic materials, 75.50.–y optical properties of thin films, 78.66.Bz phase diagrams, 81.30.Bx radiation effects, 61.82.Bg self-diffusion, 66.30.Fq structure amorphous, 61.43.Dq crystalline, 61.66.Dk liquid, 61.25.Mv superconducting, 74.70.Ad Alpha Cygni stars, 97.30.Dg Alpha decay, 23.60.+e Alpha-particle-induced nuclear reactions, 25.55.–e Amorphous magnetic materials, 75.50.Kj Amorphous metals and alloys electrical and thermal conductivity, 72.15.Cz electron density of states, 71.23.–k photoelectron spectra, 79.60.Ht structure, 61.43.Dq thermal properties, 65.60.+a Amorphous semiconductors electronic structure, 71.23.Cq fabrication, 81.05.Gc impurity and defect levels, 71.55.Jv infrared and Raman spectra, 78.30.Ly photoelectron spectra, 79.60.Ht photoluminescence, 78.55.Qr structure, 61.43.Dq synthesis, 81.05.Gc thermal properties, 65.60.+a thin films electrical conductivity, 73.61.Jc optical properties, 78.66.Jg Amorphous superconductors, 74.81.Bd Amphiphilic systems, 82.70.Uv Amplifiers electronic, 84.30.Le laser, 42.60.Da optical parametric, 42.65.Yj Analytic spaces, 02.30.Fn Anchoring (liquid crystals), 61.30.Hn Anderson localization conductivity in metals and alloys, 72.15.Rn disordered solids, 71.23.An hopping transport, 72.20.Ee surface and interface states, 73.20.Fz Andreev effect, 74.45.+c Anelasticity materials treatment effects on, 81.40.Jj mechanical properties of solids, 62.40.+i Anemometry, 47.80.+v, 93.85.+q Angiography magnetic resonance imaging, 87.61.Lh x-ray imaging, 87.59.Dj Angles, measurement of, 06.30.Bp Angular velocity measurement, 06.30.Gv Anharmonic lattice modes, 63.20.Ry Annealing crystal defects, 61.72.Cc effects on microstructure, 81.40.Ef magnetic, 75.60.Nt Announcements, 01.10.Cr Anodic films, 82.45.Cc Anoxic environments, oceanography, 92.20.Hs Antarctica, 93.30.Ca Antennas, 84.40.Ba plasma interactions with, 52.40.Fd Anthropology, 89.65.Ef Antibunched photon states, 42.50.Dv Antiferroelectricity, 77.80.–e Antiferroelectric materials, 77.84.–s Antiferromagnetic materials, 75.50.Ee Antiferromagnetic resonance, 76.50.+g Antiproton-induced reactions, 25.43.+t Antireflection coatings, 42.79.Wc Anyons electronic structure, 71.10.Pm quantum statistical mechanics, 05.30.Pr superconductivity, 74.20.Mn Apertures, optical, 42.79.Ag Apodization, 42.15.Eq APW calculations, 71.15.Ap Arc discharges, 52.80.Mg Archaeoastronomy, 95.90.+v Archeomagnetism, 91.25.Dx Architectural acoustics, *43.55.–n, 43.55.+p Arctic Ocean, 93.30.Li Arc welding, 52.77.Fv Arms control, 89.20.Dd Arrays fiber optical, 42.81.Qb integrated optics, 42.82.Et laser, 42.60.Da solar cells, 84.60.Jt Artificial intelligence, 07.05.Mh Artificial satellites, 07.87.+v, 95.40.+s, 95.55.Pe ASA (atomic sphere approximation), 71.15.Ap Ash deposits, 91.40.Bp Asia, 93.30.Db Associated liquids, structure of, 61.20.Qg Association reactions, chemical, 82.30.Nr Associative rings and algebras, 02.10.Hh Asteroids, 96.30.Ys Astrometric binary stars, 97.80.Af Astrometry, 95.10.Jk instrumentation, 95.55.Br Astron (magnetic trap), 52.55.Lf Astronomy databases, 95.80.+p Astrophysical plasma, 95.30.Qd laboratory studies, 52.72.+v Atlantic Ocean, 93.30.Mj Atmosphere Earth effects of volcanic eruptions, 91.40.Dr global change, 92.70.Cp ionosphere, 94.20.–y magnetosphere, 94.30.–d neutral, 94.10.–s troposphere, 92.60.–e Moon, 96.20.Dt planetary, 96.35.Hv, Kx stellar, 97.10.Ex Atmosphere/ocean/Earth interaction, 91.10.Vr Atmospheric acoustics, *43.28.–g, 43.28.+h Atmospheric chemistry, 82.33.Tb meteorology, 92.60.Hp neutral atmosphere, 94.10.Fa Atmospheric electricity in Earth's atmosphere, 92.60.Pw in plasmas, 52.80.Mg Atmospheric ion precipitation, 94.20.Qq, 94.30.Hn Atmospheric optics, 42.68.–w Atmospheric pressure, 94.10.Dy Atomic beam epitaxy, 81.15.Hi Atomic beams chemical reactions, 34.50.Lf detectors for, 07.77.–n interactions with solids, 79.20.Rf irradiation effects, 61.80.Lj sources of, 07.77.Gx, 39.10.+j in structural analysis, 61.18.Bn Atomic clusters, 36.40.–c Atomic collisions. See 34 Atomic force microscopy biophysics, 87.64.Dz instrumentation, 07.79.Lh surface structure, 68.37.Ps Atomic forces, 34.20.–b Atomic isotopes, 32.10.Bi Atomic mass, 32.10.Bi Atomic moments, 32.10.Dk Atomic-orbital methods atoms and molecules, 31.15.Ne solids, 71.15.Ap Atomic physics. See 30 Atomic properties, 32.10.–f Atomic spectra, 32.30.–r astrophysics, 95.30.Ky Atomic sphere approximation (ASA), 71.15.Ap Atom interferometry, 03.75.Dg, 39.20.+q Atom lasers, 03.75.Pp Atom manipulation in atomic physics, 39.25.+k in nanotechnology, 81.16.Ta in physical chemistry, 82.37.Gk Atom–molecule potentials and forces, 34.20.Gj Atom optics, 03.75.Be Atoms collisions in plasma, 52.20.Hv cooling and trapping, 32.80.Pj electric and magnetic moments, 32.10.Dk electron affinity, 32.10.Hq electronic structure calculations of, 31.15.–p theory of, 31.10.+z excitation and ionization by electron impact, 34.80.Dp exotic, 36.10.–k hot atom reactions, 82.30.Cf ionization potential, 32.10.Hq polarizability, 32.10.Dk scattering, 34.50.–s from surfaces, 34.50.Dy, 68.49.Bc Audio and visual aids, educational, 01.50.Fr Auditory system, *43.64.–q, 43.64.+r Auger effect atoms, 32.80.Hd solids, 79.20.Fv Auger microscopy, 68.37.Xy Auger spectroscopy, 82.80.Pv Augmented plane-wave (APW) calculations, 71.15.Ap Aurora, 94.10.Rk Australia, 93.30.Fd Autoionization atoms, 32.80.Dz molecules, 33.80.Eh Avalanche counters, 29.40.Cs Avalanches (granular systems), 45.70.Ht Awards, 01.10.Cr Axial vector currents, 11.40.Ha Axiomatic field theory, 11.10.Cd Axions, 14.80.Mz B Background radiation, cosmic, 98.70.Vc Backscattering. See Scattering Bacteria (seawater), 92.20.Pz Bag model, 12.39.Ba Balance systems, 07.10.Lw Ballistic magnetoresistance, 75.47.Jn Ballistics, 45.40.Gj Ballistic transport, 73.23.Ad Ballooning instability, 52.35.Py Balloons (meteorology), 92.60.–e Band model of magnetism, 75.10.Lp Band structure, 71.20.–b Barkhausen effect, 75.60.Ej Baryon number, 11.30.Fs Baryon resonances, 14.20.Gk Baryons decays, 13.30.Eg production, 13.60.Rj properties, 14.20.–c Bathymetry, 91.50.Ga Batteries lead-acid, nickel-metal hydride, 82.47.Cb lithium-ion, 82.47.Aa BCS theory, 74.20.Fg Beach processes (marine geology), 91.50.Cw Beamfoil excitation and ionization, 34.50.Fa Beam injection accelerators, 29.27.Ac electron and ion optics, 41.85.Ar plasma heating, 52.50.Gj Beam optics (charged-particle beams), 41.85.–p Beam–plasma instabilities, 52.35.Qz Beams structural acoustics, *43.40.Cw structural mechanics, 46.70.De Beams, charged-particle in accelerators, 29.27.–a electron, 41.75.Fr, Ht interactions with plasma, 52.40.Mj ion, 41.75.Ak, Cn positron, 41.75.Fr, Ht relativistic electron and positron, 41.75.Ht Beams, photon laser, 42.60.–v x-ray, 41.50.+h Beam splitters and deflectors electron and ion optics, 41.85.Ct optical, 42.79.Fm Beam trapping (nonlinear optics), 42.65.Jx Bearings, 06.60.Vz, 07.10.–h Bell inequalities, 03.65.Ud Bernstein waves, 52.35.Hr Berry's phase, 03.65.Vf Bessel functions, 02.30.Gp Beta Cephei stars, 97.30.Dg Beta decay, 23.40.–s Betatrons, 29.20.Fj Bethe–Salpeter equations, 11.10.St BGK modes (in plasma), 52.35.Sb Bibliographies, 01.30.Tt Bifurcation chemical reactions, 82.40.Bj hydrodynamic stability, 47.20.Ky nonlinear dynamics, 05.45.–a theory, 02.30.Oz Big Bang nucleosynthesis, 26.35.+c Big Bang theory, 98.80.Bp Bilayers, cellular, 87.16.Dg Binary stars, 97.80.–d Binding energy molecular core, 33.15.Ry nuclear, 21.10.D solids, 71.15.Nc Bingham fluids (rheology), 83.60.La Binocular vision, 42.66.Si Bioacoustics, *43.80.–n, 43.80.+p biological effects of sound, 87.50.Kk Biochemistry, 87.15.Rn in nanofabrication, 81.16.Fg Bioelectrochemistry, 82.45.Tv, 87.15.Tt Biogeochemical processes, global, 92.70.–j Biographies, 01.60.+q Biological effects of electric fields, 87.50.Rr of magnetic fields, 87.50.Mn of radiation, 87.50.Gi, Hj, Jk of sound and ultrasound, 87.50.Kk, 87.54.Hk Biological interfaces, 87.68.+z Biological materials biomedical engineering, 87.68.+z rheology of, 83.80.Lz, 87.19.Tt Biological physics cellular, 87.17.–d ecology and evolution, 87.23.–n higher organisms, 87.18.–h instrumentation, 87.80.–y spectroscopic and microscopic techniques, 87.64.–t subcellular, 87.16.–b theory, general, 87.10.+e Biological signal transduction, 87.16.Xa Biological systems, chemical kinetics in, 82.39.–k Bioluminescent dosimeters, 87.66.Sq Biomedical engineering, 87.80.–y medical imaging equipment, 87.62.+n radiation therapy equipment, 87.56.–v Biomembranes membrane–protein interactions, 87.15.Kg subcellular structure and processes, 87.16.Dg transport processes, 87.16.Uv Biomolecular electronics, 85.65.+h Biomolecules chemical kinetics, 82.39–k NMR of, 82.56.Pp radiation and external field effects, 87.50.–a structure and physical properties, 87.15.–v on surfaces, 68.47.Pe types of, 87.14.–g Biopolymers, 82.35.Pq, 87.15.Rn Biosensors, 87.80.–y Biosonic generation, *43.80.Ka Biothermics, 87.19.Pp Bipolarons electronic structure of solids, 71.38.Mx theory of superconductivity, 74.20.Mn Bipolar outflows external galaxies, 98.58.Fd Milky Way, 98.38.Fs pre-main-sequence objects, 97.21.+a Bipolar transistors, 85.30.Pq Birefringence optical fibers, 42.81.Gs solids, 78.20.Fm wave optics, 42.25.Lc Bismuth-based high-Tc superconductors, 74.72.Hs Bistability, optical, 42.65.Pc Blackbody radiation, 44.40.+a Black holes external galaxies, 98.62.Js Milky Way, 98.35.Jk physics of, 04.70.–s stellar evolution, 97.60.Lf Blast waves, *43.28.Mw Blazars, 98.54.Cm Blood, rheology of, 83.80.Lz, 87.19.Tt Blue phases (liquid crystals), 61.30.Mp Blue stars, blue stragglers, 97.20.Rp Body fluids, 87.19.Tt Body movements, physics of, 87.19.St Bok globules, 97.21.+a Bolometers infrared detectors in astronomy, 95.55.Rg instruments, 07.57.Kp Bond angles and bond lengths, 33.15.Dj, 61.50.Lt Bonds, dangling, 61.43.–j Bond strength, 33.15.Fm Bone densitometry nuclear medicine imaging, 87.58.Xs x-ray imaging, 87.59.Ls Book reviews, 01.30.Vv Books, 01.30.–y Borides dielectric materials, 77.84.Bw refractories, 81.05.Je Born–Oppenheimer approximation, 31.30.–i Borocarbides, superconductivity of, 74.70.Dd Bose–Einstein condensation dynamic properties, 03.75.Kk entanglement and decoherence, 03.75.Gg multicomponent and spinor condensates, 03.75.Mm quantum optics, 42.50.Gy solitons, 03.75.Lm static properties, 03.75.Hh tunneling, 03.75.Lm vortices, 03.75.Lm Bose–Einstein statistics, 05.30.–d Boson degeneracy (helium-4), 67.40.–w Bosons gauge, 14.70.–e Higgs, 14.80.Bn, Cp interacting boson model, 21.60.Fw intermediate, decays of, 13.38.–b Nambu–Goldstone, 14.80.Mz Boson systems, 05.30.Jp Bottom baryons, 14.20.Mr Bottom mesons hadronic decays, 13.25.Hw leptonic decays, 13.20.He properties, 14.40.Nd Boundary layer laminar flow, 47.15.Cb Boundary layers meteorology, 92.60.Fm in plasmas, 52.40.Hf sea–air, 92.10.Kp turbulence, 47.27.Nz Boundary-value problems in electrostatics, 41.20.Cv in magnetostatics, 41.20.Gz numerical analysis, 02.60.Lj Bound states field theory, 11.10.St potential energy surfaces, 31.50.–x quantum mechanics, 03.65.Ge Brachytherapy, 87.53.Jw Bragg reflectors, 42.79.Dj Branes, 11.25.–w Breakdown, electrical dielectrics, 77.22.Jp gases, 51.50.+v Breeder reactors, 28.50.Ft Bremsstrahlung, 03.50.–z, 41.50.+h, 78.70.Ck Brillouin scattering condensed matter, 78.35.+c molecular spectra, 33.20.Fb nonlinear optics, 42.65.Es plasma, 52.38.Bv Brillouin zones, 63.20.–e, 71.20.–b Brittleness, 62.20.Mk Broken symmetry phases (nanoscale materials), 73.22.Gk Brown dwarfs, 97.20.Vs Brownian motion, 05.40.Jc in rheology, 83.10.Mj Bubble chambers, 29.40.–n Bubbles magnetic, 75.70.Kw nonhomogeneous flows, 47.55.Dz nonlinear acoustics, *43.25.Yw Buckling fission reactors, 28.41.Ak materials treatment effects, 81.40.Lm static, 46.32.+x Buckyballs. see Fullerenes Bumpy tori, 52.55.Hc Buoyancy-driven instability (fluid dynamics), 47.20.Bp Bursts galactic jets, 98.62.Nx gamma-ray, 98.70.Rz solar, 96.60.Rd x-ray, 98.70.Qy Business and management, 89.65.Gh C Cables electrical, 84.70.+p fiber-optical, 42.81.Qb superconducting, 84.71.Fk Calculus operational, 02.30.Vv of variations, 02.30.Xx Calendars, astronomical, 95.10.Km Calibration, 06.20.Fn Calorimeters, 07.20.Fw dosimeters (medicine), 87.66.Na radiation detectors, 29.40.Vj Cameras, photographic, 07.68.+m Capacitance measurement, 84.37.+q Capacitor banks (energy storage), 84.60.Ve Capacitors, 84.32.Tt electrochemical, 82.47.Uv Capillary waves fluid interfaces, 68.03.Kn oceanic, 92.10.Cg Carbides dielectric materials, 77.84.Bw refractories, 81.05.Je Carbon, 81.05.Uw Carbon dioxide lasers, 42.55.Lt Carbon stars, 97.30.Hk Cardiac dynamics, 87.19.Hh Car–Parrinello method, 71.15.Pd CARS, 42.65.Dr Cartography, 91.10.Da Catalysis electrochemistry, 82.45.Jn enzymatic, 87.15.Rn heterogeneous, 82.65.–s homogeneous, 82.30.Vy in nanotechnology, 81.16.Hc Catastrophe theory, 05.45.–a Cathode-ray tubes, 84.47.+w Cathodoluminescence, 78.60.Hf Causal structure (general relativity), 04.20.Gz Cavitation acoustics, *43.25.Yw, *43.35.Ei nonhomogeneous flows, 47.55.Bx Cavity quantum electrodynamics, 42.50.Pq Cavity resonators fiber optics, 42.81.Qb integrated optics, 42.82.Et laser, 42.60.Da optical, 42.79.Gn Celestial mechanics astronomy, 95.10.Ce classical mechanics, 45.50.Pk Cellular structure and processes, 87.17.–d aggregation, 87.18.Ed cellular engineering, 87.80.Rb cell walls, 87.16.Gj growth and division, 87.17.Ee locomotion, 87.17.Jj multicellular phenomena, 87.18.–h pattern formation, 87.18.Hf radiation and external field effects, 87.50.–a subcellular structure and processes, 87.16.–b Cenozoic period, 91.70.Bf Cepheids, 97.30.Gj Ceramics in electrochemistry, 82.45.Xy fabrication, 81.05.Je, Mh piezoelectricity, 77.84.Dy Cermets, fabrication of, 81.05.Mh Chain reactions, chemical, 82.30.Cf Chains, macromolecular and polymer, 36.20.Fz Channel flow, 47.60.+i rheology, 83.50.Ha Channeling in crystals, 61.85.+p in laser–plasma interactions, 52.38.Hb Chaos acoustics, *43.25.Rq applications of, 05.45.Gg astronomy, 95.10.Fh chemical reactions, 82.40.Bj communication using, 05.45.Vx control of, 05.45.Gg fluid dynamics, 47.52.+j high-dimensional, 05.45.Jn low-dimensional, 05.45.Ac nuclear reactions, 24.60.Lz numerical simulations, 05.45.Pq optical, 42.65.Sf plasmas, 52.25.Gj quantum, 05.45.Mt rheology, 83.60.Wc superconductivity fluctuations, 74.40.+k Charge carriers, recombination of semiconductors and insulators, 72.20.Jv surfaces, 73.25.+i thin films, 73.50.Gr Charge-coupled devices, 85.60.Gz in astronomical instrumentation, 95.55.Aq Charged clusters, 36.40.Wa Charge-density waves collective excitations, 71.45.Lr one-dimensional conductors, 72.15.Nj surface and interface excitations, 73.20.Mf Charged excitons, 71.35.Pq Charge distribution (nuclear), 21.10.Ft Charged-lepton interactions with hadrons, 13.60.–r Charged-particle beams in accelerators, 29.27.–a beam optics, 41.75.–i, 41.85.–p sources and detectors, 07.77.Ka Charged-particle-induced fission, 25.85.Ge Charged-particle spectrometers, 29.30.Aj Charged-particle spectroscopy, 29.30.Ep Charge-exchange reactions chemistry, 82.30.Fi nuclear physics 2H-induced, 25.45.Kk 3H-, 3He-, and 4He-induced, 25.55.Kr induced by unstable nuclei, 25.60.Lg low and intermediate energy heavy-ion collisions, 25.70.Kk nucleon induced, 25.40.Kv pion, 25.80.Gn Charge measurement, 84.37.+q Charge transfer atomic and molecular collisions, 34.70.+e chemical reactions, 82.30.Fi Charge-transfer complexes (biomolecules), 87.15.–v Charmed baryons, 14.20.Lq Charmed mesons hadronic decays, 13.25.Ft leptonic and semileptonic decays, 13.20.Fc properties, 14.40.Lb Chemical analysis, 82.80.–d Chemical beam epitaxy, 81.15.Hi Chemical bonds, 31.10.–f, 33.15.Fm biomolecules, 87.15.By crystals, 61.50.Lt macro- and polymer molecules, 36.20.Hb Chemical composition comets, 96.35.Er Earth's atmosphere, 92.60.Hp, 94.10.Fa Earth's interior, 91.35.Lj galaxies, 98.62.Bj materials, 81.05.–t, 82.80.–d planets, 96.35.Er solid surfaces and interfaces, 68.35.Dv stars, 97.10.Tk Sun, 96.60.Fs superconductors, 74.62.Bf thin films, 68.55.Nq Chemical dosimetry, 87.66.Ff Chemical equilibria, 82.60.Hc Chemical interdiffusion, 66.30.Ny Chemical kinetics, 82.20.–w biological systems, 82.39.–k single molecule, 82.37.–j specific regimes and techniques, 82.40.–g Chemical lasers, 42.55.Ks Chemically reactive flows, 47.70.Fw Chemically reactive materials (rheology), 83.50.Jf Chemical physics. See 82 Chemical processes (astrophysics), 95.30.Ft, 98.38.Bn, 98.58.Bz Chemical reactions. See 82 Chemical sensors, 07.07.Df Chemical shift (NMR), 33.25.+k, 76.60.Cq, 82.56.–b Chemical synthesis, 81.20.Ka nanofabrication, 81.16.Be Chemical thermodynamics, 82.60.–s Chemical vapor deposition, 81.15.Gh chemistry of, 82.33.Ya Chemical waves, cellular, 87.18.Pj Chemiluminescence, 78.60.Ps Chemisorption, 68.43.–h Chemotaxis, 87.17.Jj Cherenkov detectors, 29.40.Ka Cherenkov radiation, 41.60.Bq Chevrel phases, superconductivity of, 74.70.Dd Chirality biomolecules, 87.15.By liquid crystals, 61.30.–v optical activity, 33.55.Ad, 78.20.Ek particle physics, 11.30.Rd polymer molecules and macromolecules, 36.20.Ey Chiral Lagrangians, 12.39.Fe Chiral symmetries, 11.30.Rd Chirping, 42.65.Re Chromatography, 82.80.Bg Chromodynamics, quantum, 12.38.–t Chromosomes, 87.16.Sr Chromosphere, solar, 96.60.Na Chronometers, 06.30.Ft Cilia, 87.16.Qp Circadian rhythms, 87.19Jj Circuits electronic, 07.50.Ek, 84.30.–r integrated, 85.40.–e optoelectronic, 42.82.Fv passive components, 84.32.–y Circuit theory, 84.30.Bv Circulation atmospheric, 92.60.Bh oceanography, 92.10.Mr Circumstellar envelopes, 97.10.Fy Cladding, optical fibers, 42.81.Bm Classical field theory, 03.50.–z Classical mechanics continuous media, 83.10.Ff discrete systems, 45 Clathrates, 82.75.–z Clebsch–Gordan coefficients, 03.65.–w, 31.10.+z Climate dynamics (global change), 92.70.Gt Climatology, 92.60.Ry Clocks, 06.30.Ft, 95.55.Sh Clouds atmospheric optics, 42.68.Ge interstellar, 98.38.Dq meteorology, 92.60.Nv planetary atmospheres, 96.35.Hv stellar, 97.10.Fy Cluster model, nuclear, 21.60.Gx Clusters atomic and molecular, 36.40.–c formation in chemical reactions, 82.30.Nr galaxy, 98.65.–r reactions in, 82.33.Fg reactions on, 82.33.Hk reactivity of, 36.40.Jn solid electronic structure, 73.22.–f structure, 61.46.+w stellar, 98.20.–d in zeolites, 82.75.Vx Coastal oceanography, 92.10.Sx Coastal processes, 91.50.Cw Coatings deposition methods, 81.15.–z optical, 42.79.Wc Coercivity (magnetic materials), 75.50.Vv, 75.60.Ej Coherence in electron scattering, 34.80.Pa optical quantum optics, 42.50.Ar wave optics, 42.25.Kb phase coherent atomic ansembles, 03.75.Hh, Kk Coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering (CARS), 42.65.Dr Coherent radiation, plasma-generated, 52.59.Ye Coherent spectroscopy (femtochemistry), 82.53.Kp Cohesive energy, crystal, 61.50.Lt, 71.15.Nc Coils, induction, 84.32.Hh Cold electron emitters, 85.45.Db Cold working, 81.40.Ef Collagen (rheology), 83.80.Lz Collective excitations clusters, 36.40.Gk excitons, 71.35.Lk multilayers, 73.21.Ac nanoscale systems, 73.21.–b nuclear structure, 21.10.Re one-dimensional conductors, 72.15.Nj quantum Hall effects, 73.43.Lp superfluid helium-3, 67.57.Jj superlattices, 73.21.Cd surfaces and interfaces, 73.20.Mf Collective flow, relativistic collisions, 25.75.Ld Collective models (nuclei), 21.60.Ev Collimators optics, 42.79.Ag radiation therapy, 87.53.Uv Collisions atomic and molecular (see 34) classical mechanics, 45.50.Tn elementary particles (see 13) galaxies, 98.65.Fz in plasma, 52.20.Hv, Fs Colloids, 82.70.Dd rheology of, 83.80.Hj Color centers absorption spectra, 78.40.Fy, Ha crystal defects, 61.72.Ji defect states, 71.55.–i EPR, 76.30.Mi Colorimeters, 07.60.Dq Color–magnitude diagrams galaxies, 98.62.Qz stars, 97.10.Zr Color transparency (QCD in nuclei), 24.85.+p Color vision, 42.66.Ne Colossal magnetoresistance, 75.47.Gk Combinatorics, 02.10.Ox Combustion enthalpy, 82.60.Cx reaction kinetics, 82.33.Vx Combustion synthesis, 81.20.Ka Cometary nebulae, 97.21.+a Comets interaction with solar wind, 96.50.Ek in interplanetary space, 96.50.Gn properties of, 96.35.–j Commensurate–incommensurate transformations, 64.70.Rh Communication forms, 01.20.+x Communication theory, 89.70.+c Commutative rings and algebras, 02.10.Hh Compactification (string theory), 11.25.Mj Compaction granular systems, 45.70.Cc materials preparation, 81.20.Ev Comparators, electronic, 84.30.Qi Compensators (radiotherapy), 87.53.Mr Complex systems, 89.75.–k biological, 82.39.Rt chemical, 82.40.Qt granular models of, 45.70.Vn Complex variables, 02.30.Fn Composite materials dielectric, piezo-, and ferroelectric, 77.84.Lf electrical conductivity, 72.80.Tm fabrication, 81.05.Mh, Ni, Pj, Qk optical properties of thin films, 78.66.Sq rheology, 83.80.Ab Composite particle models, 12.60.Rc Compressibility gases, 51.35.+a liquids, 62.10.+s solids, 62.20.Fe, 81.40.Lm Compressible flows, 47.40.–x Compressional waves aeronomy, 94.10.Jd meteorology, 92.60.Dj Compression molding, 83.50.Uv Compressors, electronic, 84.30.Qi Compton scattering atoms, 32.80.Cy bulk matter, 78.70.–g by hadrons, 13.60.Fg Computational techniques classical mechanics, 45.10.–b continuum mechanics, 46.15.–x electronic structure atoms and molecules, 31.15.–p solids, 71.15.Dx fluid dynamics, 47.11.+j mathematics, 02.70.–c statistical physics and nonlinear dynamics, 05.10.–a Computed tomography, 81.70.Tx, 87.59.Fm Computer-aided design electronics, 84.30.Bv microelectronics, 85.40.Bh Computer-aided diagnosis, 87.57.Ra Computer algebra, 02.70.Wz Computer hardware, 07.05.Bx Computer interfaces, 07.05.Wr nuclear physics, 29.50.+v Computer languages, 07.05.Bx Computer modeling and simulation, 07.05.Tp astronomy, 95.75.Pq biomolecules, 87.15.Aa cellular biophysics, 87.16.Ac, 87.17.Aa, 87.18.Bb chaotic systems, 05.45.Pq chemical kinetics, 82.20.Wt disordered solids, 61.43.Bn impact phenomena, solids, 79.20.Ap integrated circuits fabrication, 85.40.Bh liquid structure, 61.20.Ja magnetic critical points, 75.40.Mg optical properties, 78.20.Bh plasma, 52.65.–y radiotherapy, 87.53.Vb rheology, 83.10.Rs, 83.85.Pt spectroscopy in medical physics, 87.64.Aa Computers in acoustics, *43.55.Ka, *43.58.Ta as educational aids, 01.50.Ht in experimental physics, 07.05.–t laboratory use, 01.50.Lc optical, 42.79.Ta Computer science and technology, 89.20.Ff Computer vision, 42.30.Tz Concentrators, solar, 42.79.Ek Condensation fluid–fluid interfaces, 68.03.Fg liquid–vapor transitions, 64.70.Fx nucleation, 64.60.Qb chemical thermodynamics, 82.60.Nh Condensed matter. See 60 Conducting polymers electrical conductivity of, 72.80.Le reactions of, 82.35.Cd thin films, electrical properties of, 73.61.Ph Conductors, electrical, 84.32.Ff Conduits, flow through, 47.60.+i Conferences announcements, 01.10.Fv acoustics, *43.10.Ce proceedings, 01.30.Cc Configuration interaction calculations, 31.25.–v Confined flow, 47.60.+i Confocal microscopy (biophysics), 87.64.Tt Conformal field theory, 11.25.Hf Conformal radiation treatment, 87.53.Kn Conformation, molecular, 33.15.Bh barrier heights, 33.15.Hp biomolecules, 87.15.He macromolecules and polymers, 36.20.Ey Conservation laws (fields and particles), 11.30.–j Constants, fundamental, 06.20.Jr Constitutive relations (rheology), 83.10.Gr Contact resistance and potential, 73.40.Cg Contacts III–V semiconductor-to-semiconductor, 73.40.Kp II–VI semiconductor–to–semiconductor, 73.40.Lq integrated electronics, 85.40.Ls mechanical, 46.55.+d metal–nonmetal, 73.40.Ns metal-to-metal, 73.40.Jn nanocontacts, 81.07.Lk point, superconducting, 74.50.+r semiconductor–electrolyte, 73.40.Mr Continental crust seismology, 91.30.Vc Continental margins, 91.45.Cg Continents, 93.30.–w drift of, 91.45.Dh Continuum mechanics, 46 rheology, 83.10.Ff Control devices, 07.07.Tw Control theory, 02.30.Yy Convection, 44.25.+f aeronomy, 94.10.Lf astrophysics, 95.30.Tg forced, 44.27.+g ionosphere, 94.20.Ww magnetosphere, 94.30.Fk meteorology, 92.60.Ek turbulent flows, 47.27.Te Convection currents (plate tectonics), 91.45.Fj Convex sets, 02.40.Ft Cooling atoms, ions, and molecules, 32.80.Pj, 33.80.Ps cryogenic, 07.20.Mc magnetic, 75.30.Sg Cooling flows (galaxy clusters), 98.65.Hb Copolymers rheology, 83.80.Uv structure and phase transitions, 82.35.Jk Coriolis effects molecules (vibration/rotation), 33.20.Vq oceans, 92.10.Ei Corona mass ejection, 96.60.Wh solar, 96.60.Pb stellar, 97.10.Ex Corona discharges, 52.80.Hc Corrected article, 99.10.Jk Correlations collective effects, 71.45.Gm in electron scattering, 34.80.Pa in nuclear electromagnetic transitions, 23.20.En Corrosion (electrochemistry), 82.45.Bb Corrosion fatigue, 81.40.Np Corrosion protection, 81.65.Kn Cosmic censorship, 04.20.Dw Cosmic dust in Earth's atmosphere, 94.10.Nh external galaxies, 98.58.Ca Milky Way, 98.38.Cp Cosmic rays, 96.40.–z astronomical observations, 95.85.Ry high-energy interactions, 13.85.Tp nucleosynthesis, 26.40.+r sources, galactic and extragalactic, 98.70.Sa Cosmic strings, 11.27.+d, 98.80.Cq Cosmogony, 96.10.+i Cosmological constant, 98.80.Es Cosmology, 98.80.–k Cosmotrons, 29.20.Lq Couette flow, 47.15.–x Coulomb blockade, 73.23.Hk Coulomb energies (nuclear levels), 21.10.Sf Coulomb excitation (heavy-ion collisions), 25.70.De Coupled-channel methods (nuclear reactions), 24.10.Eq Coupled cluster theory (atomic physics), 31.15.Dv Coupled map lattices, 05.45.Ra CP invariance, 11.30.Er CPT invariance, 11.30.Er Cracks detection, 81.70.–q healing (rheology), 83.60.Uv mechanical properties of solids, 62.20.Mk structural mechanics, 46.50.+a Cratering (Moon), 96.20.Ka Creep crystal defects, 61.72.Hh effects of materials treatment, 81.40.Lm mechanical properties of solids, 62.20.Hg Creeping flows, 47.15.Gf Critical currents (superconductivity), 74.25.Sv Critical exponents, 64.60.Fr magnetism, 75.40.Cx Critical fields (superconductivity), 74.25.Op Criticality, self-organized, 05.65+b Critical phenomena. See 64 magnetism, 75.40.–s physical chemistry, 82.60.–s at surfaces and interfaces, 68.35.Rh thermodynamics, 05.70.Jk Crustal movements, 91.10.Kg Cryogenics instrumentation, 07.20.Mc therapy, 87.54.Br Cryptography, quantum, 03.67.Dd Crystal binding, 61.50.Lt Crystal defects, 61.72.–y Crystal fields level splitting, 71.70.Ch in magnetic ordering, 75.10.Dg Crystal growth, 81.10.–h Crystallization liquid–solid transitions, 64.70.Dv macromolecules, 87.15.Nn solid–solid transitions, 64.70.Kb, 81.30.Hd Crystallographic databases, 61.68.+n Crystallography. See 61 Crystals impurities, 61.72.Ss liquid, structure of, 61.30.–v microstructure, 61.72.–y materials treatment effects on, 81.40.–z morphology and orientation, 81.10.Aj nonlinear optical, 42.70.Mp phase diagrams, 81.30.–t purification, 81.10.–h quantum, 67.80.–s Crystal structure alloys, 61.66.Dk atomic and molecular scattering methods, 61.18.Bn electron diffraction and scattering methods, 61.14.–x elemental solids, 61.66.Bi inorganic compounds, 61.66.Fn minerals, 91.60.Ed neutron diffraction and scattering methods, 61.12.–q organic compounds, 61.66.Hq superconductors, 74.62.Bf surfaces, 68.35.Bs theory, 61.50.Ah x-ray diffraction and scattering methods, 61.10.–i Crystal symmetry, 61.50.Ah Cuprates (superconductors), 74.72.–h, 74.78.Bz Curie point ferroelectric, 77.80.Bh magnetic, 75.30.Kz, 75.40.–s Current drive (magnetic confinement), 52.55.Wq Currents critical (superconductivity), 74.25.Sv marine geology, 91.50.Jc theory of fields and particles, 11.40.–q Curriculum (physics education), 01.40.Gm Curvature measurement, 06.30.Bp Cusps, 52.55.Lf Cyclotron resonance condensed matter, 76.40.+b ion-cyclotron resonance (plasma), 52.50.Qt Cyclotrons, 29.20.Hm D Dark matter, 95.35.+d Data acquisition, 07.05.Hd Databases astronomy, 95.80.+p crystallography, 61.68.+n Data management, 07.05.Kf Data visualization, algorithms for, 07.05.Rm D branes, 11.25.Uv Debye temperature, 63.70.+h Debye–Waller factor, 61.10.–i, 63.70.+h Decay baryons, 13.30.–a electromagnetic, 13.40.Hq heavy neutrinos, 13.35.Hb intermediate bosons, 13.38.–b mesons hadronic, 13.25.–k leptonic and semileptonic, 13.20.–v muons, 13.35.Bv by proton emission, 23.50.+z radiationless (molecules), 33.50.Hv radioactive (see 23) taus, 13.35.Dx Decision theory, 02.50.Le Decoherence Bose–Einstein condensates, 03.75.Gg quantum error correction, 03.67.Pp quantum mechanics, 03.65.Yz Decomposition reactions, 82.30.Lp Deep energy levels, 71.55.–i Defect levels bulk matter, 71.55.–i surfaces and interfaces, 73.20.Hb Defects, crystal, 61.72.–y absorption spectra, 78.40.–q determination by diffraction and scattering, 61.72.Dd diffusion, 66.30.Lw EPR, 76.30.Mi formation and annealing, 61.72.Cc gettering effect, 61.72.Yx liquid crystals, 61.30.Jf, Mp quantum crystals, 67.80.Mg quantum tunneling, 66.35.+a scattering by (electronic transport), 72.10.Fk solid surfaces and interfaces, 68.35.Dv superconductors, 74.62.Dh thin films, 68.55.Ln Deflectors (optical devices), 42.79.Fm Deformation effects of materials treatment, 81.40.Lm kinematics (rheology), 83.10.Bb material flow, 83.50.–v mathematical aspects, 46.25.Cc mechanical properties of solids, 62.20.Fe Degasification, 07.30.Bx Degenerate Fermi gases, 03.75.Ss de Haas–van Alphen effect, 71.18.+y Delay equations, in function theory, 02.30.Ks Delocalization (surface electron states), 73.20.Jc Demodulators, 84.30.Qi optical, 42.79.Hp Demographics, 89.65.Cd Demonstration experiments and apparatus, 01.50.My Demultiplexers, 42.79.Sz Dendrites, 68.70.+w Dense plasma focus, 52.59.Hq Density changes of, 65.40.De measurement of, 06.30.Dr Density-functional theory atomic and molecular physics, 31.15.Ew condensed matter, 71.15.Mb Depolarization (dielectrics), 77.22.Ej Deposition films and coatings, 81.15.–z integrated circuits, 85.40.Sz Depth profiling, 61.72.Ss, 81.70.Jb Design of experiments (computers), 07.05.Fb Desorption electron-stimulated, 68.43.Rs, 79.20.La field induced, 79.70.+q kinetics, 68.43.Mn photon-stimulated, 68.43.Tj, 79.20.La thermal, 68.43.Vx Detectors bolometers, 07.57.Kp, 95.55.Rg Cherenkov, 29.40.Ka infrared, 07.57.Kp, 85.25.Pb, 85.60.Gz microwave, 07.57.Kp optical, 42.79.Pw radiation, 29.40.–n radiowave, 07.57.Kp submillimeter wave, 07.57.Kp, 85.25.Pb x-ray, 07.85.Fv Detonation chemical reactions, 82.33.Vx fluid dynamics, 47.40.–x seismology, 91.30.Rz Deuteron-induced reactions, 25.45.–z Deuterons, 27.10.+h Diamagnetic resonance, 76.40.+b Diamagnetism, 75.20.–g gases, 51.60.+a Diamond, 81.05.Uw Diamond anvil cells, 07.35.+k Diaphanography, 87.63.Lk Diaphragms, optical, 42.79.Ag Diatomic molecules, electron correlation in, 31.25.Nj Dibaryons, 14.20.Pt Dichroism materials, 78.20.Fm molecules, 33.55.–b Dictionaries, 01.30.Kj Dielectric breakdown gases, 51.50.+v insulators, 77.22.Jp Dielectric constant, 78.20.Ci Dielectric devices, 85.50.–n Dielectric function, 77.22.Ch collective excitations, 71.45.Gm Dielectric loss and relaxation, 77.22.Gm Dielectric materials, 77.84.–s in electrochemistry, 82.45.Un thin films, 77.55.+f Dielectric properties gases, 51.70.+f plasma, 52.25.Mq related to treatment conditions, 81.40.Tv solids and liquids, 77.22.–d Differential equations numerical approximation and analysis, 02.60.Lj ordinary, 02.30.Hq partial, 02.30.Jr Differential geometry, 02.40.–k Differential thermal analysis (DTA), 81.70.Pg Diffraction acoustical, *43.20.Fn, *43.25.Jh ultrasound, *43.35.Bf, Cg electron, 61.14.–x neutron, 61.12.–q optical, 42.25.Fx x-ray, 61.10.–i Diffraction gratings holographical, 42.40.Eq optical, 42.79.Dj Diffractometers electron, 07.78.+s x-ray, 07.85.Jy Diffusion adsorbates, 68.43.Jk in atmosphere, 92.60.Ek, 94.10.Lf biomolecules, 87.15.Vv in chemical reaction kinetics, 82.40.Ck clusters, 36.40.Sx in gases, 51.20.+d in liquids, 66.10.Cb momentum transport, 66.20.+d in nanoscale solids, 66.30.Pa neutron, 28.20.Gd nuclear magnetic resonance, 82.56.Lz in ocean, 92.10.Lq in quantum crystals, 67.80.Mg in solids, 66.30.–h at solid surfaces and interfaces, 68.35.Fx spin, 75.40.Gb turbulent, 47.27.Qb Diffusion-limited aggregation, 61.43.Hv Digital circuits, 84.30.Sk Digital imaging astronomy, 95.75.Tv image processing algorithms, 07.05.Pj nuclear medicine, 87.58.Mj radiography, 87.59.Hp Diode lasers, 42.55.Px Diode-pumped lasers, 42.55.Xi Diodes high-voltage, 52.59.Mv junction, 85.30.Kk light-emitting, 85.60.Jb plasma, 52.75.Fk Dirac equation, 03.65.Pm Disasters, natural and man-made, 89.60.Gg Discharges, electric, 52.80.–s Disclinations crystals, 61.72.Lk liquid crystals, 61.30.Jf Discriminators, electronic, 84.30.Qi Diseases, 87.19.Xx Disk galaxies, 98.52.Nr Dislocations, 61.72.Ff, Hh, Lk Disordered solids absorption and reflection spectra, 78.40.Pg electrical conductivity, 72.80.Ng infrared and Raman spectra, 78.30.Ly localization in, 71.55.Jv photoemission, 79.60.Ht photoluminescence, 78.55.Qr structure, 61.43.–j superconductivity, 74.81.Bd vibrational states, 63.50.+x Dispersion hardening, 81.40.Cd Dispersion-reinforced composites, 81.05.Ni Dispersions physical chemistry, 82.70.–y quantum optical phenomena, 42.50.Nn rheology of, 83.80.Hj Displacement measurement, 06.30.Bp Displacive phase transitions, 63.70.+h Display devices electrochemical, 82.47.Tp general instrumentation, 07.07.Hj optical, 42.79.Kr optoelectronic, 85.60.Pg Dissociation chemical reactions, 82.30.Lp photochemical, 82.50.–m molecular diffuse spectra, 33.80.Gj by electron impact, 34.80.Ht energy of, 33.15.Fm single molecule, 82.37.Np Distance measurement, 06.30.Bp Distorted-wave approximation (nuclear reactions), 24.10.Eq Distributed-feedback lasers, 42.55.–f Distribution theory, 02.50.Ng Divertors, 28.52.Lf, 52.55.Rk DNA, 87.14.Gg chemical kinetics, 82.39.Pj sequence analysis, 87.15.Cc Domain structure ferroelectric materials, 77.80.Dj magnetic films, 75.70.Kw magnetic materials, 75.60.Ch Domain walls cosmology, 98.80.Cq field theory, 11.27.+d Doped-insulator lasers, 42.55.Rz Doping germanium and silicon, 61.72.Tt III–V and II–VI semiconductors, 61.72.Vv integrated-circuit technology, 85.40.Ry profiles, 61.72.Ss, 81.70.Jb superconductors, 74.62.Dh thin films, 68.55.Ln Doppler effect (atmospheric acoustics), *43.28.Py Dose–volume analysis, 87.53.Tf Dosimetry electron and positron, 87.53.Fs, Hv neutron and proton, 87.53.Pb, Qc photon, 87.53.Bn, Dq Double nuclear magnetic resonance (DNMR) condensed matter, 76.70.Fz molecules, 33.40.+f Drag aerodynamic, 47.85.Gj reduction (rheology), 83.60.Yz D region, ionosphere, 94.20.Ee Drell–Yan process, 13.85.Qk Drift waves (plasma), 52.35.Kt Dual energy absorptiometry (medical imaging), 87.59.Bh Duality, strong interactions, 12.40.Nn Ductility, 62.20.Fe Ducts flows in, 47.60.+i sound propagation in, *43.28.Py, *43.55.Rg Dusty plasmas, 52.27.Lw Dwarf galaxies, 98.52.Wz, 98.56.Wm elliptical, 98.52.Wz Dwarf novae, 97.30.Qt Dwarf stars, 97.20.–w Dye lasers, 42.55.Mv Dynamical systems linear, 45.30.+s nonlinear, 05.45.–a Dynamic loading, 83.50.–v Dynamic mechanical analysis (rheology), 83.85.Vb Dynamic phases, 03.65.Vf Dynamometers, 07.10.Pz E Ear, *43.64.–q, 43.64.+r Early Universe, 98.80.Cq Earth crust movement, vertical, 91.45.Pt interior structure and properties, 91.35.–x magnetic field, 91.25.–r Earthquakes, 91.30.Px Earth satellites, artificial, 95.40.+s Echelles, 42.79.Dj Eclipses, 95.10.Gi Ecology, 87.23.–n Econophysics, 89.65.Gh ECR plasma heating, 52.50.Sw Eddy-current testing, 81.70.Ex Education, 01.40.–d Educational aids, 01.50–i Effective mass, 71.18.+y Eikonal approximation, 11.80.Fv Einstein equation, general relativity, 04.20.–q Einstein–Maxwell spacetime, 04.40.Nr Elastic constants, 62.20.Dc Elastic deformation material flow, 83.50.–v material treatment effects, 81.40.Jj mechanical properties of solids, 62.20.Fe Elasticity rocks and minerals, 91.60.Ba solids, 62.20.Dc static, 46.25.–y superconductors, 74.25.Ld Elastic scattering of atoms and molecules, 34.50.–s deuteron-induced reactions, 25.45.De of electrons by atoms and molecules, 34.80.Bm hadron-induced, 13.85.Dz heavy-ion reactions, 25.70.Bc lepton-induced reactions, 25.30.Bf meson-induced reactions, 25.80.Dj nucleon-induced reactions, 25.40.Cm, Dn of photons and leptons by hadrons, 13.60.Fz reactions induced by unstable nuclei, 25.60.Bx triton-,3He-, and 4He-induced reactions, 25.55.Ci Elastic structures, acoustic scattering by, *43.40.Fz Elastic waves linear acoustics, *43.20.Gp, *43.20.Jr rheology, 83.60.Uv solids, 62.30.+d Elastomeric polymers, 83.80.Va Elastomers rheology, 83.80.Va, Wx structure, 61.41.+e Elastooptical effects, 78.20.Hp Electrets, 77.22.–d Electrical conductivity Earth, 91.25.Qi materials treatment effects on, 81.40.Rs metals and alloys amorphous and liquid, 72.15.Cz crystalline, 72.15.Eb semiconductors and insulators, 72.20.–i mixed conductivity, 72.60.+g specific materials, 72.80.–r superconductors, 74.25.Fy surfaces, 73.25.+i thin films, 73.50.–h specific materials, 73.61.–r Electrical devices. See 85 Electrical impedance tomography, 87.63.Pn Electrical instruments, 07.50.–e Electrical noise, 07.50.Hp Electrical phenomena in gases, 51.50.+v Electrical sensors, 07.07.Df Electrical shielding, 07.50.Hp Electric breakdown, 51.50.+v, 52.80.–s, 77.22.Jp Electric charge, 41.20.Cv, 84.37.+q Electric current measurement, 84.37.+q Electric discharges, 52.80.–s Electric fields biological physics, 87.50.Rr effects on liquid crystal structure, 61.30.Gd effects on material flows, 83.60.Np electromagnetism, 41.20.–q electrotherapy, 87.54.Dt galactic, 98.62.En instrumentation for measurement, 07.50.–e ionosphere, 94.20.Ss magnetosphere, 94.30.Kq measurement, 84.37.+q Milky Way, 98.35.Eg planetary, 96.35.Pb solar, 96.60.Hv stellar, 97.10.Ld Electric impedance measurement, 84.37.+q Electric moments atomic, 32.10.Dk hadronic, 13.40.Em molecular, 33.15.Kr nuclear, 21.10.Ky Electric motors, 84.50.+d Electroacoustic transducers, *43.38.Bs, Dv, Fx Electroanalytical chemistry, 82.45.Rr Electrocaloric effects, 77.70.+a Electrochemical analysis, 82.80.Fk Electrochemical capacitors, 82.47.Uv Electrochemical displays, 82.47.Tp Electrochemical engineering, 82.47.Wx Electrochemical sensors, 82.47.Rs Electrochemical synthesis, 82.45.Aa Electrochemistry, 82.45.–h applied, 82.47.–a bioelectrochemistry, 82.45.Tv, 87.15.Tt Electrochromic devices, 85.60.Pg Electrochromism, 78.20.Jq Electrodeposition electrochemistry of, 82.45.Qr methods of film deposition, 81.15.Pq Electrodes (electrochemistry), 82.45.Fk Electrodissolution, 82.45.Qr Electrodynamics classical, 03.50.De quantum, 12.20.–m Electroelasticity, 46.25.Hf Electrogasdynamic energy conversion, 84.60.Rb Electrohydrodynamics, 47.65.+a Electroluminescence, 78.60.Fi Electrolysis, 82.45.Hk Electrolytes electrochemistry, 82.45.Gj structure of, 61.20.Qg Electromagnetic decay, 13.40.Hq Electromagnetic fields, 03.50.De, 41.20.–q Electromagnetic interactions, 13.40.–f electroweak, 12.15.–y unified field theories, 12.10.–g Electromagnetic mass differences, 13.40.Dk Electromagnetic moments, nuclear, 21.10.Ky Electromagnetic radiation interaction with plasma, 52.40.Db from moving charges, 41.60.–m solar, 96.60.Tf wave propagation, 41.20.Jb Electromagnetic testing, 81.70.Ex Electromagnetic waves atmospheric optics, 42.68.Ay ionosphere, 94.20.Bb, Rr magnetosphere, 94.30.Tz meteorology, 92.60.Ta microwaves, 84.40.–x in plasma, 52.35.Hr radiowaves, 41.20.Jb, 84.40.–x wave optics, 42.25.Bs Electromagnetism. See 41 Electromechanical resonance, 77.65.–j Electrometers, 07.50.Ls Electromigration, 66.30.Qa Electron affinity atoms, 32.10.Hq molecules, 33.15.Ry Electron–atom collisions elastic scattering, 34.80.Bm excitation and ionization, 34.80.Dp Electron attachment, 34.80.Ht, Lx Electron beam annealing, 81.40.Ef Electron beam-assisted deposition, 81.15.Jj Electron beam induced current (EBIC), 68.37.Hk Electron beam lithography, 85.40.Hp Electron beam radiation effects, 61.80.Fe Electron beams in medicine dosimetry, 87.53.Fs, 87.53.Hv safety, 87.52.Df nonrelativistic, 41.75.Fr in particle accelerators, 29.27.–a polarized (atomic and molecular scattering), 34.80.Nz relativistic, 41.75.Ht Electron capture (nuclear physics), 23.40.–s Electron correlation calculations, 31.25.–v Electron-cyclotron waves (plasma), 52.35.Hr, Qz Electron density of states crystalline solids, 71.20.–b disordered solids, 71.23.–k surfaces and interfaces, 73.20.–r Electron diffraction biophysics and medical physics, 87.64.Bx crystallography, 61.14.–x Electron diffractometers, 07.78.+s Electron dosimetry, 87.53.Fs, Hv Electron double resonance (ELDOR) condensed matter, 76.70.Dx molecules, 33.40.+f Electron emission Auger, 79.20.Fv secondary, 79.20.Hx surface collisions, 34.50.Dy Electron energy loss spectroscopy (EELS), 79.20.Uv Electron gas quantum statistical mechanics, 05.30.Fk theories and models, 71.10.Ca two-dimensional, 73.20.–r Electron–hadron scattering, 13.60.–r Electron–hole drops and plasma, 71.35.Ee Electron holography, 61.14.Nm Electronic circuits, 07.50.Ek, 84.30.–r microelectronics, 85.40.–e microwave, 84.40.Dc integrated, 84.40.Lj passive components of, 84.32.–y Electronic devices. See 85 Electronic excitation and ionization atomic collisions, 34.50.Fa molecular collisions, 34.50.Gb Electronic publications, 01.30.Xx Electronic structure atomic and molecular clusters, 36.40.Cg atoms, molecules, and ions calculations of, 31.15.–p corrections to, 31.30.–i interaction effects on, 31.70.–f theory of, 31.10.+z biomolecules, 87.15.Mi condensed matter calculation methods, 71.15.–m crystalline solids, 71.20.–b disordered solids, 71.23.–k liquid metals and semiconductors, 71.22.+i nanoscale materials, 73.22.–f theories and models of, 71.10.–w macromolecules and polymer molecules, 36.20.Kd superconductors, 74.25.Jb surfaces, interfaces, and thin films (see 73) Electronic transport bulk matter (see 72) interface structures, 73.40.–c mesoscopic and nanoscale systems, 73.63.–b thin films, 73.50.–h, 73.61.–r Electron-induced nuclear reactions, 25.30.–c Electron–ion scattering excitation and ionization, 34.80.Kw recombination and electron attachment, 34.80.Lx Electron magnetohydrodynamics, 52.30.Cv Electron microscopes, 07.78.+s Electron microscopy biophysics and medical physics, 87.64.Ee crystal defects, 61.72.Ff structure determination, 68.37.–d Electron–molecule collisions dissociation, 34.80.Ht elastic scattering, 34.80.Bm excitation and ionization, 34.80.Gs Electron optics, 41.85.–p Electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) biophysics, 87.64.Hd condensed matter, 76.30.–v defect structure determination, 61.72.Hh molecules, 33.35.+r Electron phase diagrams, 71.10.Hf Electron–phonon interactions electronic structure of solids, 71.38.–k electronic transport, 72.10.Di lattice dynamics, 63.20.Kr Electron–positron collisions, hadron production by, 13.66.Bc Electron–positron plasmas, 52.27.Ep Electron probe analysis, 81.70.Jb Electrons, properties of, 14.60.Cd Electron scattering atomic and molecular collisions elastic scattering, 34.80.Bm inelastic scattering, 34.80.Dp, Gs, Ht in nuclear reactions elastic, 25.30.Bf inelastic, 25.30.Dh, Fj spin arrangement determination, 75.25.+z from surfaces, 68.49.Jk Electron solids, 73.20.Qt Electron sources, 07.77.Ka in nuclear physics, 29.25.Bx Electron spectrometers, 07.81.+a Electron spectroscopy biophysics and medical physics, 87.64.Lg chemical analysis, 82.80.Pv nuclear and particle physics, 29.30.Dn Electron stimulated desorption, 68.43.Rs, 79.20.La Electron tubes, 84.47.+w Electrooptical effects condensed matter, 78.20.Jq molecules, 33.55.–b Electroosmosis, in biological systems, 82.39.Wj Electrophoresis biomolecule, 87.15.Tt electrochemistry, 82.45.–h Electrophotography, 07.68.+m Electrophysiology auditory system, *43.64.Nf, Pg, Qh of higher organisms, 87.19.Nn nerve cells, 87.17.Nn Electroplating, 81.15.Pq Electroproduction reactions, nuclear, 25.30.Rw Electrorheological fluids, 83.80.Gv Electrostatic accelerators, 29.17.+w Electrostatic lenses, 41.85.Ne Electrostatics, 41.20.Cv Electrostatic waves magnetosphere, 94.30.Tz plasma, 52.35.Fp Electrostriction, 77.65.–j Electrotherapy, 87.54.Dt Electroweak interactions, 12.15.–y extensions of gauge sector, 12.60.Cn extensions of Higgs sector, 12.60.Fr nuclear tests of electroweak models, 24.80.+y in unified field theories, 12.10.Dm Elemental abundances in stars, 97.10.Tk in Universe, 98.80.Ft Elementary particles. See 10 in astrophysics, 95.30.Cq Elementary school science education, 01.40.Ej Ellipsometers, 07.60.Fs Elliptical galaxies, 98.52.Eh, 98.56.Ew El Nino, 92.10.Gn Embrittlement, 81.40.Np EMC effect (muon scattering), 25.30.Mr Emission spectra atoms, 32.30.–r, 32.50.+d condensed matter, 78.55.–m, 78.60.–b molecules, 33.20.–t, 33.50.–j Emissivity (optical constants), 78.20.Ci Emulsions, 82.70.Kj dielectric properties, 77.84.Nh nuclear, 29.40.Rg photographic, 07.68.+m rheological properties, 83.80.Iz ENDOR condensed matter, 76.70.Dx molecules, 33.40.+f Energy conversion, 84.60.–h electrochemical, 82.47.–a Energy extraction from ocean, 92.20.Gr Energy losses atom and molecule scattering, 34.50.Bw of particles in condensed matter, 61.85.+p Energy resources, 89.30.–g Energy storage, 84.60.–h Energy transfer intramolecular, 34.30.+h LET (medical physics), 87.52.Df, Ga, Ln rotational and vibrational, 34.50.Ez state-to-state (chemical reactions), 82.20.Rp Engineering, 89.20.Kk biomedical, 87.80.–y electrochemical, 82.47.Wx Ensemble theory classical, 05.20.Gg quantum, 05.30.Ch Entanglement and quantum nonlocality, 03.65.Ud in Bose–Einstein condensation, 03.75.Gg in nonlinear optics, 42.65.Lm in quantum information, 03.67.Mn Enthalpy, 05.70.Ce, 51.30.+i, 65.40.Gr, 82.60.–s Entropy, 05.70.–a, 65.40.Gr Environmental effects on instruments, 07.89.+b of natural and man-made disasters, 89.60.Gg Environmental magnetism, 91.60.Pn Environmental pollution air pollution, 92.60.Sz instruments for, 07.88.+y water pollution, 92.40.Qk Environmental regulations, 89.60.Fe Environmental safety, 89.60.Ec Enzymatic catalysis, 87.15.Rn Ephemerides, 95.10.Km Epitaxy, 68.55.Ac, 81.15.–z Epoxy resins, 83.80.–k EPR paradox, 03.65.Ud Equations of state gases, 51.30.+i general theory, 05.70.Ce, 64.10.+h rock formation, 91.60.Fe specific substances, 64.30.+t Equilibrium constants, 82.60.Hc E region, ionosphere, 94.20.Gg Erosion (geophysics), 92.40.Gc Errata, 99.10.Cd Error theory, 06.20.Dk Eruptions, volcanic, 91.40.Ft ESCA, 82.80.Pv Estuarine oceanography, 92.10.Sx Etalons, 42.79.Bh Etching, 81.65.Cf Etch pits, 61.72.Ff Euclidean field theory, 11.10.Cd Euclidean geometries, 02.40.Dr Europe, 93.30.Ge Eutectic structure, 81.30.–t Evaporation of black holes, 04.70.Dy field-induced, 79.70.+q film deposition by, 81.15.Ef of fluid surfaces, 68.03.Fg hydrology, 92.40.Je water in atmosphere, 92.60.Jq Evolution, biological, 87.23.–n EXAFS biophysics and medical physics, 87.64.Fb condensed matter, 61.10.Ht Exchange interactions energy-level splitting, 71.70.Gm magnetically ordered materials, 75.30.Et Exchange reactions, chemical, 82.30.Hk Excimer lasers, 42.55.Lc Excited states atomic and molecular, 31.50.Df electron correlation in, 31.25.Jf Rydberg states atoms, 32.80.Rm molecules, 33.80.Rv scattering in, 34.60.+z solids electronic structure calculations, 71.15.Qe model systems, 71.10.Li Excitons, 71.35.–y Exoelectron emission, 79.75.+g Exosphere, 94.10.–s Exotic atoms and molecules, 36.10.–k Exploding wires, 52.80.Qj Explosions chemical reactions, 82.33.Vx compressible flows, 47.40.–x electric discharges, 52.80.Qj nuclear, 28.70.+y seismology, 91.30.Rz underwater, *43.30.Lz Extensional flows deformation, 83.50.Jf measurement of, 83.85.Rx Extinction coefficients, optical, 78.20.Ci Extranuclear effects, 23.20.Nx Extrasolar planets, 97.82.–j Extrudate swell, 83.60.Jk Extrusion, 81.20.Hy Eye, 42.66.–p F Fabry–Perot interferometer, 07.60.Ly Factorization (quark models), 12.39.St Faculae, 96.60.Qc Faddeev equation, 11.80.Jy Failure integrated circuits, 85.40.Qx materials, 81.40.Np mechanical properties, 62.20.Mk Familons, 14.80.Mz Faraday cups, 41.85.Qg Faraday effect, 33.55.Ad, 78.20.Ls Fatigue effects of materials treatment, 81.40.Np mechanical properties of solids, 62.20.Mk structural mechanics, 46.50.+a Faults, plate tectonics, 91.45.Vz Femtosecond techniques, 06.60.Jn chemistry, 82.53.–k condensed matter, 78.47.+p nonlinear optics, 42.65.Re Fermi–Dirac statistics, 05.30.–d Fermi gas, 71.10.Ca degenerate, 03.75.Ss Fermi liquid marginal, 74.20.Mn theory, 71.10.Ay Fermions composite, 71.10.Pm statistical mechanics, 05.30.Fk Fermi surfaces, 71.18.+y Ferrimagnetic resonance, 76.50.+g Ferrimagnetics, 75.50.Gg Ferrite devices, 85.70.Ge Ferrites, 75.50.Gg Ferroelasticity, 62.20.Dc Ferroelectric devices, 85.50.–n ferroelectric memories, 85.50.Gk Ferroelectricity, 77.80.–e Ferroelectric materials, 77.84.–s Ferromagnetic materials iron and its alloys, 75.50.Bb metals other than iron, 75.50.Cc nonmetals, 75.50.Dd Ferromagnetic resonance, 76.50.+g Few-body systems classical mechanics, 45.50.Jf nuclear structure, 21.45.+v Fiber gyros, 42.81.Pa Fiber lasers, 42.55.Wd Fiber-optic instruments, 07.60.Vg Fiber optics, 42.81.–i Fiber-optic sensors, 42.81.Pa Fiber-reinforced composites, 81.05.Ni Fibers, synthetic and natural, 81.05.Lg Field desorption, 79.70.+q Field effect transistors, 85.30.Tv spin polarized, 85.75.Hh Field emission, 79.70.+q Field-emission displays, 85.45.Fd Field-emission microscopy, 68.37.Vj Field emitters and arrays, 85.45.Db Field ionization, 79.70.+q Field-ion microscopy, 68.37.Vj Field theory, 11.10.–z classical, 03.50.–z gauge, 11.15.–q noncommutative, 11.10.Nx quantized fields, 03.70.+k unified, 04.50.+h, 12.10.–g Figure of merit (energy conversion), 84.60.Bk Filamentation, in plasma, 52.38.Hb Filaments, cellular, 87.16.Ka Films educational aids, 01.50.Fr radiation measurement, 87.66.Cd Filters acoustic, *43.58.Kr electronic, 84.30.Vn optical, 42.79.Ci Financial markets, 89.65.Gh Fine structure atoms, 32.10.Fn molecules, 33.15.Pw Finite difference methods, 02.70.Bf in atomic and molecular physics, 31.15.Fx Finite element analysis, 02.70.Dc First sound (quantum fluids), 67.40.Mj Fission–fusion reactions, 25.70.Jj Fission reactions, 25.85.–w Fission reactors design and components, 28.41.–i types of, 28.50.–k Flagella, 87.16.Qp Flames, reactions in, 82.33.Vx Flare stars, 97.30.Nr Flavor symmetries, 11.30.Hv Flow computation fluid dynamics, 47.11.+j rheology, 83.85.Pt Flow control, 47.62.+q Flow instabilities in fluid dynamics, 47.20.–k in rheology, 83.60.Wc Flowmeters, 47.80.+v Fluctuation phenomena biomolecules, 87.15.Ya diamagnetism and paramagnetism, 75.20.Hr magnetically ordered materials, 75.30.Mb nuclear reactions, 24.60.Ky plasma, 52.25.Gj quantum optics, 42.50.Lc statistical physics, 05.40.–a superconductors, 74.40.+k Fluid dynamics. See 47 Fluid equation (plasma simulation), 52.65.Kj Fluid flow buoyant, 47.32.–y compressible, 47.40.–x in ducts, channels, and conduits, 47.60.+i flow control, 47.62.+q instruments for, 47.80.+v laminar, 47.15.–x nonhomogeneous, 47.55.–t non-Newtonian, 47.50.+d quantum fluids, 67.40.Hf rarefied gas dynamics, 47.45.–n reactive, radiative and nonequilibrium, 47.70.–n relativistic, 47.75.+f rotational, 47.32.–y through porous media, 47.55.Mh Fluid–fluid interfaces, 68.03.–g Fluidics, 47.85.Np Fluid mechanics, applied, 47.85.–g Fluids mechanical properties, 47.17.+e quantum (see 67) statistical mechanics, 05.20.Jj Fluorescence atoms, 32.50.+d biophysics and medical physics, 87.64.Ni condensed matter, 78.55.–m molecules, 33.50.Dq x-ray, 78.70.En Fluoroscopy, 87.59.Ci Flute instability, 52.35.Py Flux-line lattices, 74.25.Qt Flux pinning and creep, 74.25.Qt Foams, 82.70.Rr rheology, 83.80.Iz Fog atmospheric optics, 42.68.Ge meteorology, 92.60.Jq Fokker–Planck equation kinetic theory of gases, 51.10.+y plasma simulation, 52.65.Ff statistical physics, 05.10.Gg Folding (biomolecules), 87.15.Cc Folds, tectonic, 91.45.Ty Food, rheology of, 83.80.Lz Forced convection, 44.27.+g Forces interatomic, 34.20.Cf intermolecular, 34.20.Gj measurement of, 07.10.Pz nuclear, 21.30.–x Formation heat, 82.60.Cx Form factors electromagnetic, 13.40.Gp photon–atom interactions, 32.80.Cy Forming, 81.20.Hy Fossil fuels, 89.30.Aa Fourier analysis, 02.30.Nw Fourier optics, 42.30.Kq Fourier transform spectra, 33.20.Ea Four-wave mixing, 42.65.Hw Fractals fluid dynamics, 47.53.+n nonlinear dynamics, 05.45.Df phase transitions, 64.60.Ak structure of disordered solids, 61.43.Hv Fractional quantum Hall effect, 73.43.–f Fractional statistics systems, 05.30.Pr Fracture continuum mechanics of solids, 46.50.+a effects of materials treatments, 81.40.Np mechanical properties of solids, 62.20.Mk plate tectonics, 91.45.Vz rheology, 83.60.Uv rock mechanics, 91.60.Ba Fragmentation (nuclear reactions), 25.70.Mn, Pq Franck–Condon factors, 33.70.Ca Free-electron devices, 52.59.Rz Free-electron lasers, 41.60.Cr Free energy, 05.70.Ce, 51.30.+i, 65.40.Gr Free-induction decay (quantum optics), 42.50.Md Free molecular flows, 47.45.Dt Free radicals chemical reactions, 82.30.Cf EPR of, 76.30.Rn F region, ionosphere, 94.20.Ji Frenkel defects, 61.72.Jh Frenkel excitons, 71.35.Aa Frequency, measurement of, 06.30.Ft Frequency conversion (nonlinear optics), 42.65.Ky Frequency convertors, optical, 42.79.Nv Frequency standards, 06.20.Fn in astronomical instrumentation, 95.55.Sh Fresnel zone plates, 42.79.Ci Friction atomic scale, 68.35.Af internal, 62.40.+i evidence of dislocations, 61.72.Hh materials treatment effects, 81.40.Pq structural mechanics, 46.55.+d Friction force microscopy, 07.79.Sp Fuel for fission reactors, 28.41.Bm fossil fuels, 89.30.Aa for fusion reactors, 28.52.Cx, 52.57.Kk Fuel cells molten-carbonate, 82.47.Lh phosphoric-acid, 82.47.Pm polymer-electrolyte, 82.47.Nj proton exchange membrane, 82.47.Gh solid-oxide, 82.47.Ed Fullerenes and related materials absorption and reflection spectra, 78.40.Ri electrical conductivity, 72.80.Rj electronic structure, 71.20.Tx fabrication, 81.05.Tp infrared and Raman spectra, 78.30.Na structure, 61.48.+c superconductivity, 74.70.Wz thin films electrical conductivity, 73.61.Wp optical properties, 78.66.Tr Functional analysis, 02.30.Sa quantum mechanics, 03.65.Db Functional approximation, algorithms for, 02.60.Gf Function generators, 84.30.Ng Fundamental constants, 06.20.Jr Furnaces, 07.20.Hy Fuses, 84.32.Vv Fusion 2H-induced, 25.45.–z heavy-ion induced, 25.70.Jj inertial confinement heavy-ion, 52.58.Hm laser, 52.57.–z light-ion, 52.58.Ei magnetic confinement, 52.55.–s reactions induced by unstable nuclei, 25.60.Pj Fusion–fission reactions, 25.70.Jj Fusion fuels, fast ignition of, 52.57.Kk Fusion products effects, 52.55.Pi Fusion reactors, 28.52.–s Fuzzy logic, 07.05.Mh G Galactic center, 98.35.Jk Galactic mass, 98.35.Ce, 98.62.Ck Galactic winds, 98.35.Nq, 98.62.Nx Galaxies active, 98.54.–h clusters of, 98.65.Cw local group, 98.56.–p normal, 98.52.–b primordial, 98.54.Kt properties of, 98.62.–g protogalaxies, 98.54.Kt Galerkin method, 02.70.Dh Galvanomagnetic effects metals and alloys, 72.15.Gd semiconductors and insulators, 72.20.My thin films, 73.50.Jt Game theory, 02.50.Le Gamma-ray detectors, 07.85.Fv, 29.40.–n superconducting, 85.25.Oj Gamma-ray lasers, 42.55.Vc Gamma rays astronomical observations, 95.85.Pw biological effects of, 87.50.Gi bursts, 98.70.Rz in laser-plasma interactions, 52.38.Ph in photochemistry, 82.50.Kx radiation damage by, 61.80.Ed Gamma-ray sources, 07.85.–m astronomical, 98.70.Rz Gamma-ray spectroscopy chemical analysis, 82.80.Ej condensed matter, 76.80.+y instrumentation, 07.85.Nc nuclear physics, 29.30.Kv Gamma-ray telescopes, 95.55.Ka Gamma transitions, 23.20.Lv Garnet devices, 85.70.Ge Garnets (ferrites), 75.50.Gg Gas chromatography, 82.80.Bg Gas dynamic traps (magnetic confinement), 52.55.Jd Gases interplanetary, 96.50.Dj physical properties (see 51) rarefied, dynamics of, 47.45.–n weakly ionized, electron scattering in, 34.80.My Gas-filled counters, 29.40.Cs Gas lasers, 42.55.Lt Gas–liquid interfaces, 68.03.–g Gas sensors, 07.07.Df Gas–surface interactions, 34.50.Dy Gauge bosons, 14.70.–e production in electron–positron interactions, 13.66.Fg Gauge field theories, 11.15.–q Gauge sector extensions (electroweak interactions), 12.60.Cn Gauge/string duality, 11.25.Tq Gels, 82.70.Gg reactions in, 82.33.Ln rheological properties, 83.80.Kn Genealogical trees (complex systems), 89.75.Hc General physics, 01.55+b General relativity. See 04 Geochemical cycles, 91.65.Br Geochemistry isotopic composition, 91.65.Dt major element composition, 91.65.Vj trace elements, 91.65.Nd Geochronology, 91.35.Nm Geodesy, 91.10.–v Geodetic reference systems, 91.10.Ws Geoelectricity, 91.25.Qi Geographical regions, 93.30.–w Geological materials physical properties, 91.60.–x rheology, 83.80.Nb Geological time, 91.70.–c Geology, 91.65.–n Geomagnetic field, 91.25.–r Geometrical methods (classical mechanics), 45.10.Na Geometrical optics, 42.15.–i Geometric inequalities, 02.40.Ft Geometric mechanics, 02.40.Yy Geometric phases (quantum mechanics), 03.65.Vf Geometry algebraic, 02.10.–v differential, 02.40.Hw, Ma Euclidean and projective, 02.40.Dr noncommutative, 02.40.Gh Riemannian, 02.40.Ky Geophysical instrumentation, 93.85.+q Geophysical prospecting (acoustical methods), *43.40.Ph Geophysics. See 91 Geothermal power, 89.30.Ee Geothermy, 91.35.Dc Germanium, doping and ion implantation of, 61.72.Tt Gettering effect crystals, 61.72.Yx surface treatments, 81.65.Tx g factor, 32.10.Fn, 33.15.Pw, 71.18.+y GHZ states, 03.65.Ud Giant magnetoresistance, 75.47.De magnetic memory, 85.75.Bb Giant resonances (nuclear reactions), 24.30.Cz Giant stars, 97.20.Li Ginzburg–Landau theory, 74.20.De Glaciers, 92.40.Vq Glass-based composites, 81.05.Pj Glasses electrical conductivity, 72.80.Ng electronic structure, 71.23.Cq fabrication, 81.05.Kf magnetic materials, 75.50.Lk optical materials, 42.70.Ce photoluminescence, 78.55.Qr rheology, 83.80.Ab structure, 61.43.Fs thermal properties, 65.60.+a thin films electrical conductivity, 73.61.Jc optical properties, 78.66.Jg Glass transitions, 64.70.Pf Glauber model, 24.10.Ht Glauber scattering, 11.80.La Global analysis, 02.40.Vh Global change, 92.70.–j Globular clusters, 98.20.Gm Glow discharge, 52.80.Hc Gluons, 14.70.Dj in nuclei, 24.85.+p Gradient-index (GRIN) devices, 42.79.Ry fiber-optical, 42.81.Ht Grain boundaries, 61.72.Mm Grand unified theories, 12.10.Dm Granular flow, 45.70.Mg Granular materials fabrication, 81.05.Rm rheology, 83.80.Fg superconductivity, 74.81.Bd Granular systems, 45.70.–n Graphite, 81.05.Uw Graph theory, 02.10.Ox Grasers, 42.55.Vc Gratings holographic, 42.40.Eq optical elements, 42.79.Dj Gravimeters, 04.80.Nn Gravitation astrophysics, 95.30.Sf general theory of (see 04) Gravitational constant, 04.80.–y, 06.20.Jr, 95.30.Ft Gravitational lenses, 95.30.Sf, 98.62.Sb Gravitational waves astronomical observations, 95.85.Sz detectors, 04.80.Nn, 95.55.Ym theory, 04.30.–w Gravity Earth, 91.10.–v experimental test of gravitational theories, 04.80.Cc Moon, 96.20.Jz in more than four dimensions, 04.50.+h planets, 96.35.Fs plate tectonics, 91.45.Sx quantum, 04.60.–m self-gravitating systems, 04.40.–b supergravity, 04.65.+e Gravity waves aeronomy, 94.10.Jd meteorology, 92.60.Dj Greenhouse effect, 92.70.–j Greenland, 93.30.Kh GRIN devices, 42.79.Ry, 42.81.Ht Groundwater, 92.40.Kf Group theory atomic and molecular physics, 31.15.Hz mathematics, 02.20.–a nuclear physics, 21.60.Fw quantum mechanics, 03.65.Fd Gunn effect devices, 85.30.Fg Gyrofluid and gyrokinetic plasma simulations, 52.65.Tt Gyrokinetics, in plasmas, 52.30.Gz Gyros, fiber-optical, 42.81.Pa Gyroscope motion, 45.40.Cc Gyrotrons, 84.40.Ik H Hadronic decays baryons, 13.30.Eg mesons, 13.25.–k Hadrons interactions induced by high and super-high energy, 13.85.–t low and intermediate energy, 13.75.–n mass models, 12.40.Yx neutrino interactions with, 13.15.+g nuclear forces, 21.30.Fe photon and charged-lepton interactions with, 13.60.–r production by electron–positron collisions, 13.66.Bc properties baryons, 14.20.–c mesons, 14.40.–n Haemodynamics, 87.19.Uv Haemorheology, 83.80.Lz Hall effect quantum, 73.43.–f in semiconductors, 72.20.My in thin films, 73.50.Jt Hall effect devices, 85.30.Fg hybrid, 85.75.Nn Hamiltonian mechanics, 45.20.Jj Handbooks, 01.30.Kj Hardening (materials treatments), 81.40.Cd, Ef Hardness of solids, 62.20.Qp in structural mechanics, 46.55.+d Harmonic generation (nonlinear optics), 42.65.Ky Harmonic oscillators, 03.65.Ge HartreeFock approximation electronic structure of atoms and molecules, 31.15.Ne nuclear-structure models, 21.60.Jz Hartree–Fock approximation electronic structure of solids, 71.15.Ap Hawking effects, 04.60.–m Hcalculations (molecular structure), 31.15.Ct Hearing, *43.66.–x, 43.66.+y information processing in, 87.19.Dd Hearing aids, *43.66.Ts Heat capacity of amorphous solids and glasses, 65.60.+a in chemical thermodynamics, 82.60.Fa of crystalline solids, 65.40.Ba of liquids, 65.20.+w at magnetic critical points, 75.40.Cx of nanocrystals, 65.80.+n Heat conduction, 44.10.+i Heat engines, 07.20.Pe Heaters, 07.20.Hy Heat pumps, 07.20.Pe Heat transfer analytical and numerical techniques, 44.05.+e boundary layer, 44.20.+b channel and internal, 44.15.+a convective, 44.25.+f, 44.27.+g Earth's interior, 91.35.Dc inhomogeneous and porous media, 44.30.+v multiphase systems, 44.35.+c pulse propagation in solids, 66.70.+f radiative, 44.40.+a in turbulent flows, 47.27.Te Heat treatments, effects on microstructure, 81.40.Gh Heavy-fermion solids diamagnetism and paramagnetism, 75.20.Hr electron states, 71.27.+a magnetically ordered materials, 75.30.Mb superconductivity, 74.70.Tx Heavy-ion nuclear reactions low and intermediate energy, 25.70.–z relativistic, 25.75.–q Heavy-ion spectroscopy, 29.30.–h Heavy-particle decay, 23.70.+j Heavy-particle dosimetry, 87.53.Pb, Qc Heavy quark theory, 12.39.Hg Heisenberg model, 75.10.Jm Heliacs, 52.55.Hc Helicity amplitudes, 11.80.Cr Helicity injection (magnetic confinement), 52.55.Wq Helioseismology, 96.60.Ly Helium liquid mixtures, 67.60.–g solid, 67.80.–s spin-polarized, 67.65.+z Helium-3 normal phase, 67.55.–s nuclear reactions, induced by, 25.55.–e superfluid phase, 67.57.–z Helium-4 normal phase, 67.20.+k nuclear reactions, induced by, 25.55.–e superfluid phase, 67.40.–w Herbig–Haro objects, 97.21.+a Hertzsprung–Russell diagrams, 97.10.Zr Heterostructures electrical properties, 73.40.–c electron states, 73.21.–b magnetic properties, 75.70.Cn optical properties, 78.66.–w photoemission and photoelectron spectra, 79.60.Jv structure and nonelectronic properties, 68.65.–k superconductivity, 74.78.Fk H I and H II regions external galaxies, 98.58.Ge, Hf Milky Way, 98.38.Gt, Hv Higgs bosons non-standard model, 14.80.Cp production in electron–positron interactions, 13.66.Fg standard model, 14.80.Bn Higgs sector extensions, 12.60.Fr High-coercivity materials, 75.50.Vv High-current technology, 84.70.+p High-energy physics. See 10...20 High-energy reactions, hadron-induced, 13.85.–t High-field effects (conductivity) bulk matter, 72.20.Ht thin films, 73.50.Fq High-frequency discharges, 52.80.Pi High-frequency effects (conductivity) bulk matter, 72.30.+q thin films, 73.50.Mx High-frequency plasma confinenent, 52.58.Qv High-pressure effects mechanical properties of solids, 62.50.+p structural properties of materials, 81.40.Vw High pressure production and techniques, 07.35.+k High-speed techniques, 06.60.Jn High-Tc superconductors devices, 85.25.–j films, 74.78.Bz general properties, 74.25.–q materials, 74.72.–h theory of, 74.20.–z transition temperature, 74.10.+v, 74.62.–c High-temperature techniques and instrumentation, 07.20.Ka High-voltage diodes, 52.59.Mv High-voltage technology, 84.70.+p H I shells, 98.58.Nk Histones, 87.16.Sr History of science, 01.65.+g acoustics, *43.10.Mq Hole burning atomic spectra, 32.30.–r condensed matter spectra, 78.40.–q molecular spectra, 33.20.–t Holograms computer generated, 42.40.Jv volume, 42.40.Pa Holographic optical elements, 42.40.Eq Holography acoustical, *43.35.Sx, *43.60.Sx electron, 61.14.Nm optical, 42.40.–i recording materials for, 42.70.Ln Hopping transport, 72.20.Ee Hot atom reactions, 82.30.Cf Hot carriers, 72.20.Ht, 73.50.Fq Hot working, 81.40.Gh Hubbard model electronic structure, 71.10.Fd magnetic ordering, 75.10.Jm superconductivity, 74.20.–z Hubble constant, 98.80.Es Hubble Space Telescope, 95.55.Fw Humidity, 92.60.Jq Hybrid integrated circuits electronic, 85.40.Xx optical, 42.82.Fv Hydraulic machinery, 47.85.Kn Hydraulics, 47.85.Dh Hydrodynamic instability fluid dynamics, 47.20.–k laser inertial confiement, 52.57.Fg Hydrodynamic models, nuclear reactions, 24.10.Nz Hydrodynamics, 47.35.+i applied fluid mechanics, 47.85.Dh astrophysical applications, 95.30.Lz helium-3 normal phase, 67.55.Fa superfluid phase, 67.57.De helium-4 superfluid phase, 67.40.Hf superfluidity, 47.37.+q Hydroelasticity, 46.40.Jj Hydroelectric power, 89.30.Ee Hydrogen 21-cm lines external galaxies, 98.58.Ge Milky Way, 98.38.Gt spin-polarized, 67.65.+z Hydrogen bonding chemical reactions, 82.30.Rs molecules, 33.15.Fm Hydrography, 92.10.Yb Hydrology, 92.40.–t Hydromagnetic plasma instability, 52.35.Py Hydrophilic effects, 82.70.Uv chemical reactions, 82.30.Rs Hydrophones, *43.38.Pf Hydrosphere, 92 Hydrostatics, 47.85.Dh Hydrothermal power, 89.30.Ee Hygrometry, 07.07.Vx Hyperfine interactions, 31.30.Gs Hyperfine structure atoms, 32.10.Fn molecules, 33.15.Pw Hypernuclei, 21.80.+a Hyperonic atoms and molecules, 36.10.Gv Hyperon-induced reactions, 25.80.Pw Hyperon–nucleon reactions, 13.75.Ev Hyperons, 14.20.Jn Hypersonic flows, 47.40.Ki Hyperspherical methods (atomic physics), 31.15.Ja Hyperthermia, 87.54.Br Hysteresis ferroelectricity, 77.80.Dj magnetism, 75.60.–d I Ice atmospheric, 42.68.Ge hydrology of, 92.60.Sz rheology of, 83.80.Nb sea, 92.10.Rw ICR plasma heating, 52.50.Qt Image convertors, 42.79.Ls Image forming, 42.30.Va atmospheric optics, 42.68.Sq Image intensifiers, 42.79.Ls Image processing algorithms, 07.05.Pj in astronomy, 95.75.Mn in medicine, 87.57.–s in optics, 42.30.–d Image reconstruction medical imaging, 87.57.Gg optics, 42.30.Wb Imaging detectors in astronomy, 95.55.Aq optical devices, 42.79.Pw Impedance acoustic, *43.20.Rz, *43.28.En measurement of, *43.58.Bh electrical, 84.37.+q Implosions, inertial confinement, 52.57.Fg Impurities absorption spectra of, 78.40.–q in crystals, 61.72.Ss diffusion of, 66.30.Jt effects on superconductivity, 74.62.Dh electronic structure, 71.55.–i at surfaces and interfaces, 73.20.Hb EPR spectra, 76.30.–v in helium normal phase of helium-3, 67.55.Lf solid, 67.80.Mg superfluid helium-3, 67.57.Pq superfluid helium-4, 67.40.Yv implantation, 61.72.Tt, Vv, Ww magnetic, 75.30.Hx in plasma, 52.25.Vy in solid surfaces and solid–solid interfaces, 68.35.Dv in thin films, 68.55.Ln In-beam spectroscopy (nuclear physics). See 23 Inclusions, 61.72.Qq Incommensurate solids, 61.44.Fw Indian Ocean, 93.30.Nk INDO calculations, 31.15.Ct Inductance measurement, 84.37.+q Inductors, 84.32.Hh Industrial laser applications, 42.62.Cf Industrial research and development, 89.20.Bb Inelastic scattering of atoms and molecules, 34.50.–s in deuteron-induced reactions, 25.45.De in hadron-induced reactions, 13.85.–t in lepton-induced reactions, 25.30.–c in meson-induced reactions, 25.80.Ek in nucleon-induced reactions, 25.40.Fq in triton-, 3He-, and 4He-induced reactions, 25.55.Ci Inertial confinement heavy-ion, 52.58.Hm laser, 52.57.–z light-ion, 52.58.Ei Inference methods, 02.50.Tt Inflationary universe, 98.80.Cq Information theory, 89.70.+c Infrared detectors, 07.57.Kp astronomy instrumentation, 95.55.Aq optoelectronic, 85.60.Gz superconducting, 85.25.Pb Infrared excess (extrasolar planets), 97.82.Jw Infrared optical materials, 42.70.Km Infrared radiation astronomical observations, 95.85.–e biological effects of, 87.50.Hj in biological techniques, 87.64.Cc galactic and extragalactic, 98.70.Lt interstellar, 98.38.Jw, 98.58.Jg irradiation effects of, 61.80.Ba in photochemistry, 82.50.Bc sources of, 07.57.Hm, 42.72.Ai Infrared spectra atoms, 32.30.Bv condensed matter, 78.30.–j macro- and polymer molecules, 36.20.Ng molecules, 33.20.Ea Infrared spectrometers, 07.57.Ty Infrared spectroscopy biophysics and medical physics, 87.64.Je chemical analysis, 82.80.Gk Infrasound, *43.28.Dm Initial value problem, 04.20.Ex Injection lasers, 42.55.Px Injection molding, 83.50.Uv Inner-shell ionization, 32.80.Hd Inorganic compounds band structure, 71.20.Ps crystal structure, 61.66.Fn Instruments acoustical, *43.58.–e, 43.58.+z for aeronomy and magnetospheric physics, 94.80.+g for astronomy, 95.55.–n for atomic and molecular physics (see 39) for biophysics, 87.80.–y common to several branches of physics and astronomy (see 07) for elementary particle and nuclear physics (see 29) environmental effects on, 07.89.+b for environmental pollution measurements, 07.88.+y for fluid dynamics, 47.80.+v for geophysics, 93.85.+q musical, 43.75.+a, *43.75.–z for plasma diagnostics, 52.70.–m spaceborne and space research, 07.87.+v Insulator–metal transitions, 71.30.+h Insulators absorption spectra, 78.40.Ha band structure, 71.20.Ps conductivity of, 72.20.–i specific insulators, 72.80.Sk dielectric devices, 85.50.–n photoemission and photoelectron spectra of, 79.60.Bm radiation effects of, 61.82.Ms thin films (conductivity), 73.61.Ng Insulator–superconductor transitions, 74.20.Mn Integrable systems, 02.30.Ik Integral equations, 02.30.Rz Integral transforms, 02.30.Uu Integrated circuits, 85.40.–e superconducting, 85.25.Hv Integrated optics, 42.82.–m Integrative biology, 87.80.Vt Integrodifferential equations, 02.60.Nm Interatomic distances and angles, 33.15.Dj Interatomic potentials and forces, 34.20.Cf Intercalation compounds, 71.20.Tx Interconnects electrical, 84.32.Dd integrated electronics, 85.40.Ls integrated optics, 42.82.Ds optical, 42.79.Ta Interdiffusion, chemical, 66.30.Ny Interfaces biological, 87.68.+z electronic transport, 73.40.–c electron states, 73.20.–r fluid–fluid, 68.03.–g magnetic properties of, 75.70.Cn microscopy of, 68.37.–d solid–solid, 68.35.–p spin polarized transport through, 72.25.Mk structure and roughness of, 68.35.Ct thermodynamic properties of, 05.70.Np, 68.35.Md Interfacial flows, 83.50.Lh Interfacial tension, 68.03.Cd Interference, optical, 42.25.Hz Interferometers, 07.60.Ly Interferometry in astronomy, 95.55.Br, 95.75.Kk atomic, 03.75.Dg holographic, 42.40.Kw neutron, 03.75.Dg nonclassical, 42.50.St phase-shifting, 42.87.Bg Intergalactic matter, 98.62.Ra Intermediate bosons, decays of, 13.38.–b Intermediate-valence solids diamagnetism and paramagnetism of, 75.20.Hr electron states of, 71.28.+d magnetic ordering of, 75.30.Mb Intermetallic compounds, electronic structure of, 71.20.Lp Intermolecular potentials and forces, 34.20.Gj Internal conversion, nuclei, 23.20.Nx Internal friction evidence of dislocations by, 61.72.Hh mechanical properties of solids, 62.40.+i International laboratory facilities, 01.52.+r International programs, geophysics, 93.55.+z Internet, 89.20.Hh Interplanetary matter, 96.50.Dj Interpolation methods, 02.60.Ed Interstellar matter external galaxies, 98.58.–w Milky Way, 98.38.–j Interstitials, 61.72.Ji Intracluster matter (galaxy clusters), 98.65.Hb Intramolecular dynamics, 34.30.+h Inverse photoemission spectroscopy, 78.70.–g Inverse problems, 02.30.Zz acoustical, *43.60.Pt Inversion layers, 73.20.–r, 73.40.–c Inviscid flows, 47.15.Ki Inviscid instability, 47.20.Cq Ion-acoustic waves (plasma), 52.35.Fp, Qz Ion beam-assisted deposition, 81.15.Jj Ion beam epitaxy, 81.15.Hi Ion beam lithography, 85.40.Hp Ion beams negative, 41.75.Cn positive, 41.75.Ak Ion channeling cells, biological, 87.16.Uv crystals, 61.85.+p Ion-cyclotron resonance plasma heating, 52.50.Qt Ion-cyclotron waves (plasma), 52.35.Hr, Qz Ion emission, secondary, 79.20.Rf Ion exchange biological systems, 82.39.Wj chromatography, 82.80.Bg resins, 83.80.–k Ionic conduction liquids, 66.10.Ed nonmetals, 66.30.Hs solids, 66.30.Dn Ionic interactions, atmospheric, 92.60.Ls Ion implantation germanium and silicon, 61.72.Tt III–V and II–VI semiconductors, 61.72.Vv plasma-based, 52.77.Dq thin films, 68.55.Ln VLSI technology, 85.40.Ry Ionization of atoms by atom, molecule, and ion impact, 34.50.Fa by electron impact, 34.80.Dp field, 79.70.+q of molecules by atom, molecule, and ion impact, 34.50.Gb by electron impact, 34.80.Gs in photochemistry, 82.50.–m in plasma, 52.25.Jm Ionization chambers, 29.40.Cs Ionization dosimetry, 87.66.Jj Ionization potentials atoms, 32.10.Hq molecules, 33.15.Ry Ionizing radiations, biological effects of, 87.50.Gi Ion microscopes, 07.78.+s structure determination, 68.37.Vj Ion–molecule collisions, 34.50.–s Ion–molecule reactions, 82.30.Fi Ionoluminescence, 78.60.Hk Ion optics, 41.85.–p Ionosphere Earth, 94.20.–y instrumentation for, 94.80.+g of planets, 96.35.Kx polar cap, 94.20.Kj Ion plating, 81.15.Jj Ion propulsion, 52.75.Di Ion rings (magnetic confinement), 52.55.Lf Ions atomic electronic structure (see 31) photodetachment, 32.80.Gc photoionization, 32.80.Fb properties of, 32.10.–f molecular electronic structure (see 31) properties of, 33.15.–e surface neutralization, 34.50.Dy Ion scattering, 34.50.–s structure determination, 61.18.Bn from surfaces, 34.50.Dy, 68.49.Sf, 79.20Rf Ion sources, 07.77.Ka in nuclear physics, 29.25.Lg, Ni Ion spectrometers, 07.81.+a Ion–surface impact, 34.50.Dy, 79.20.Rf Ion traps, 32.80.Pj, 33.80.Ps, 39.10.+j, 42.50.Vk Iron and its alloys, ferromagnetism of, 75.50.Bb Irradiation effects biological, 87.50.–a on instruments, 07.89.+b on optical devices, 42.88.+h in solids, 61.80.–x Irreversible thermodynamics, 05.70.Ln Ising model lattice theory, 05.50.+q magnetic ordering, 75.10.Hk Islands, geographical regions, 93.30.Kh Island structure, thin films, 68.55.Ac Isobaric analog resonances, 24.30.Gd Isobaric spin, 21.10.Hw Isomerism biomolecules, 87.15.By macromolecules and polymer molecules, 36.20.Ey rotational, 33.15.Hp Isomerization reactions, 82.30.Qt Isostasy crustal movements, 91.45.Pt relations to gravity observations, 91.45.Sx Isotope effects atoms and molecules, 31.30.Gs chemical reactions, 82.20.Tr Isotopes, 32.10.Bi abundances and evolution (astronomy), 98.80.Ft radioactive, sources of, 29.25.Rm separation and enrichment, 28.60.+s J Jahn–Teller effect in atoms and molecules, 31.30.–i in condensed matter, 71.70.Ej Jets galactic, 98.62.Nx interstellar matter, 98.38.Fs, 98.58.Fd in large-Q2 scattering, 13.87.–a oceanic, 92.10.Ty in turbulent flows, 47.27.Wg Joining, 81.20.Vj Josephson devices, 85.25.Cp Josephson effect, 03.75.Lm, 74.50+r Josephson junction arrays, 74.81.Fa Joule–Thomson effect, 51.30.+i Jovian satellites, 96.30.Kf Junction breakdown devices, 85.30.Mn Junction diodes, 85.30.Kk Jupiter, 96.30.Kf K Kaluza–Klein theory, 04.50.+h Kaon–baryon interactions, 13.75.Jz Kaon decays hadronic, 13.25.Es leptonic and semileptonic, 13.20.Eb Kaon-induced reactions and scattering, 25.80.Nv Kapitza resistance, 67.40.Pm KDP crystals, 77.84.Fa Kerr effect atoms and molecules, 33.55.Fi condensed matter, 78.20.Jq nonlinear optics, 42.65.Hw Kinematics of deformation and flow, 83.10.Bb of particles, 45.50.–j, 83.10.Pp of rigid bodies, 45.40.–f Kinetic modes (magnetic confinement), 52.55.Tn Kinetic theory gases, 51.10.+y plasma, 52.25.Dg statistical mechanics, 05.20.Dd Klystrons, 84.40.Fe Knight shift, 76.60.Cq Knot theory, 02.10.Kn Knudsen flow, 47.45.–n Kobayashi–Maskawa matrix, 12.15.Hh Kondo effect diamagnetism and paramagnetism, 75.20.Hr electronic conduction in metals and alloys, 72.15.Qm electronic transport, theory of, 72.10.Fk Kondo lattice, 75.30.Mb KosterlitzThouless transition liquid crystals, 64.70.Md Kosterlitz–Thouless transition magnetic systems, 75.30.Kz Kronig–Penney model, 71.15.Ap Kuiper belt, 96.50.Jq L Labeling (nuclear medicine), 87.58.Ji Laboratory computer use in, 01.50.Lc course design, 01.50.Qb demonstration experiments, 01.50.Pa procedures, 06.60n Laboratory facilities, national and international, 01.52.+r Laboratory-scale study of astrophysical-plasma processes, 52.72.+v Lagrangian mechanics, 45.20.Jj Lagrangians chiral (quark models), 12.39.Fe field theory, 11.10.Ef general relativity, 04.20.Fy Lamallipods, 87.16.Qp Lamellae, 82.70.Uv Laminar flows, 47.15.–x, 83.50.–v Laminar to turbulent transition, 47.15.Fe, 47.27.Cn Landau levels, 71.70.Di Land transportation, 89.40.Bb Langevin method, 05.10.Gg Langmuir–Blodgett films deposition of, 81.15.Lm on liquid, 68.18.–g on solids, 68.47.Pe Lanthanum-based high-Tc superconductors, 74.72.Dn Laplace equation, 41.20.Cv Laser ablation laser-plasma interactions, 52.38.Mf of solids, 79.20.Ds Laser beam annealing, 61.80.Ba Laser beam machining, 42.62.Cf Laser deposition, 81.15.Fg nanofabrication, 81.16.Mk Laser diodes, 42.55.Px Laser Doppler velocimeters, 42.79.Qx Laser-driven acceleration, 41.75.Jv Laser imaging, medical, 42.62.Be, 87.63.Lk Laser inertial confinement, 52.57.–z Laser materials, 42.70.Hj Laser-modified scattering of atoms and molecules, 34.50.Rk of electrons, 34.80.Qb Laser operation continuous, 42.60.Pk long-pulse, 42.60.Rn Laser-plasma interactions, 52.38.–r Laser-produced plasma, 52.50.Jm Laser radiation biological effects of, 87.50.Hj characteristics, 42.60.Jf propagation (atmospheric optics), 42.68.–w surface irradiation effects, 61.80.Ba Laser range finders, 06.30.Gv, 42.79.Qx Lasers applications of, 42.62.–b general theory of, 42.55.Ah optical systems, 42.60.–v types of, 42.55.–f Laser spectroscopy, 42.62.Fi Laser targets, 52.57.Bc Laser velocimeters, 06.30.Gv, 42.79.Qx Latent heat, 05.70.C, 65.40.Gr Latex rubber, 83.80.Va Lattice dynamics crystals (see 63) solid helium, 67.80.Cx Lattice fermion models, 71.10.Fd Lattice gauge theory, 11.15.Ha Lattice QCD calculations, 12.38.Gc Lattice theory and statistics, 05.50.+q Lava, 91.40.Hw Laves phases (superconductivity), 74.70.Ad Leak detectors (vacuum technology), 07.30.Hd Least square approximation, 02.60.Ed Lectures announcements, 01.10.Fv publications, 01.30.Bb LEED, 61.14.Hg Length measurement, 06.30.Bp Lenses acoustical, *43.58.Ls electrostatic, 41.85.Ne gravitational, 95.30.Sf optical design of, 42.15.Eq in optical systems, 42.79.Bh Lepton–lepton interactions, 13.66.–a Lepton number, 11.30.Fs Leptons beta decay, 23.40.–s decays, 13.35.–r in decays of baryons, 13.30.Ce of mesons, 13.20.–v interactions with hadrons, 13.60.–r masses and mixing, 12.15.Ff nuclear reactions, 25.30.–c production in electron–positron interactions, 13.66.De in hadronic interactions, 13.85.Qk properties, 14.60.–z Level crossing in atoms, 32.80.Bx in molecules, 33.80.Be Level splitting in atoms, 32.60.+i in molecules, 33.55.Be in solids, 71.70.–d Levitation, acoustic, *43.25.Uv Levitation devices, magnetic, 85.70.Rp superconducting, 84.71.Ba Levy flights, 05.40.Fb LIDAR, 42.68.Wt, 42.79.Qx Lie algebra, 02.20.Sv Lie groups, 02.20.Tw Lifetimes atomic spectra, 32.70.Cs molecular spectra, 33.70.Ca nuclear energy levels, 21.10.Tg Ligand fields, 71.70.Ch Light biological effects, 87.50.Hj interaction with matter, 42.50.Ct mechanical effects on atoms and molecules, 32.80.Lg, 42.50.Vk underwater, 92.10.Pt zodiacal, 96.50.Dj Light absorption and transmission, 42.25.Bs effects of atomic coherence on, 42.50.Gy Light-emitting diodes, 85.60.Jb Lightning, 52.80.Mg Light pressure, 42.50.Vk Light scattering in atmospheric optics, 42.68.Mj, 94.10.Gb in condensed matter, 78.35.+c in plasma, 52.25.Os wave optics, 42.25.Fx Light-sensitive materials, 42.70.Gi Light sources, 42.72.–g Limiters, electronic, 84.30.Qi Limnology, 92.40.Ni Linear accelerators, 29.17.+w Linear energy transfer (medical physics), 87.52.Df, Ga, Ln Line shape and width, 32.70.Jz, 33.70.Jg Lipids, 87.14.Cc Liquid crystals anchoring, 61.30.Hn defects in, 61.30.Jf dielectric properties of, 77.84.Nh displays, 42.79.Kr microconfined, 61.30.Pq in optical devices, 42.79.Kr optical materials, 42.70.Dm orientation of, 61.30.Gd phase transitions of, 64.70.Md polymer, 61.30.Vx polymer dispersed, 61.30.Pq rheology of, 83.80.Xz structure of, 61.30.Cz, Eb Liquid–glass transitions, 64.70.Pf Liquid helium. see 67 Liquid–liquid interfaces, 68.05.–n Liquid–liquid transitions, 64.70.Ja Liquid metals and alloys electrical and thermal conduction, 72.15.Cz electronic structure, 71.22.+i structure, 61.25.Mv Liquid-phase epitaxy, 81.15.Lm Liquids acoustical properties, 62.60.+v associated, 61.20.Qg dielectric properties, 77.84.Nh diffusion in, 66.10.Cb electric discharge in, 52.80.Wq heat capacities, 65.20.+w infrared spectra, 78.30.Cp ionic conduction in, 66.10.Ed magnetic, 75.50.Mm mechanical properties, 62.10.+s molecular, 61.25.Em noble gas, 61.25.Bi osmosis, 66.10.Cb photoluminescence, 78.55.Bq pressure effects, 62.50.+p Raman spectra, 78.30.Cp structure, 61.20.–p, 61.25.–f thermal conduction, 66.60.+a ultraviolet spectra, 78.40.Dw visible spectra, 78.40.Dw Liquid semiconductors conductivity, 72.80.Ph electron density of states, 71.22.+i Liquid–solid interfaces, 68.08.–p Liquid–solid transitions, 64.70.Dv Liquid thin films, 68.15.+e Liquid–vapor transitions, 64.70.Fx Lithography integrated electronics, 85.40.Hp integrated optics, 42.82.Cr nanolithography, 81.16.Nd subwavelength, 42.50.St Lithosphere, rheology of, 91.10.Rn Local-density approximation atomic and molecular physics, 31.15.Ew condensed matter, 71.15.Mb Local Group, 98.56.–p Localization conductivity in metals and alloys, 72.15.Rn disordered structures, 71.23.–k, 71.55.Jv lattice dynamics, 63.20.Pw mobility edges, 72.20.Ee sound sources, *43.66.Qp superconductivity, 74.40.+k surface and interface states, 73.20.Fz weak, 72.15.Rn, 73.20.Fz Locomotion cells, 87.17.Jj higher organisms, 87.19.St Logic, mathematical, 02.10.Ab Logic devices optical, 42.79.Ta superconducting, 85.25.Hv Lorentz invariance, 11.30.Cp Lorentz transformation, 03.30.+p Loudspeakers, *43.38.Ja Low-dimensional structures devices, 85.35.Be electrical properties, 73.63.–b electron states, 73.21.–b optical properties, 78.67.–n structure and nonelectronic properties, 68.65.–k Low energy electron diffraction (LEED), 61.14.Hg Low energy electron microscopy, 68.37.Nq Low mass nuclear reactions, 25.10.+s Low temperature techniques, 07.20.Mc LSI, 85.40.–e Lubrication effects of materials treatment, 81.40.Pq rheology, 83.50.–v Luminescence spectra of atoms, 32.50.+d of biomolecules, 87.15.Mi in condensed matter, 78.60.–b of molecules, 33.50.–j Luminosity galaxies, 98.62.Qz, 98.62.Ve stars, 97.10.Ri, 97.10.Xq Lunar probes, 95.55.Pe Luttinger liquid, 71.10.Pm superconductivity, 74.20.Mn Lyman forest (quasars), 98.62.Ra Lyotropic phases, 61.30.St M Machining materials processing, 81.20.Wk workshop techniques, 06.60.Vz Mach number, 47.40.–x Macromolecules biological, 87.15.–v liquid solutions, structure of, 61.25.Hq properties of, 36.20.–r Macroscopic quantum tunneling (magnetism), 75.45.+j Magellanic stream, 98.56.Tj Magma (rheology), 83.80.Nb Magnesium diboride, superconductivity of, 74.70.Ad Magnetic aftereffects, 75.60.Lr Magnetic anisotropy, 75.30.Gw Magnetic annealing, 75.60.Nt Magnetic bubbles, 75.70.Kw Magnetic circular dichroism in biophysics and medical physics, 87.64.Ni in condensed matter, 78.20.Ls of molecules, 33.55.Ad Magnetic confinement and equilibrium, 52.55.–s Magnetic cooling cryogenics, 07.20.Mc magnetocaloric effect, 75.30.Sg Magnetic coordinate systems, 94.30.Bg Magnetic cores, 85.70.–w Magnetic devices, 85.70.–w spin polarized transport devices, 85.75.–d Magnetic domains, 75.60.Ch in thin films, 75.70.Kw Magnetic fields astronomical observations of, 95.85.Sz biological effects of, 87.50.Mn effects on material flow, 83.60.Np in electromagnetism, 41.20.–q of external galaxies, 98.62.En generation of, 07.55.Db lunar, 96.20.Jz magnetospheric, 94.30.Ms measurement of, 07.55.Ge of Milky Way, 98.35.Eg planetary, 96.35.Pb solar, 96.50.Bh, 96.60.Hv stellar, 97.10.Ld terrestrial, 91.25.–r Magnetic films devices, 85.70.Kh properties of, 75.70.–i Magnetic force microscopy, 68.37.Rt instrumentation, 07.79.Pk Magnetic heads, 85.70.Kh Magnetic hysteresis, 76.60.Es Magnetic impurity interactions, 75.30.Hx Magnetic induction, 41.20.Gz Magnetic instruments, 07.55.–w Magnetic lenses, 41.85.Lc Magnetic levitation devices, 85.70.Rp superconducting, 84.71.Ba Magnetic liquids, 75.50.Mm Magnetic logic, reprogrammable, 85.75.Ff Magnetic materials, 75.50.–y Magnetic memory using giant magnetoresistance, 85.75.Bb using magnetic tunnel junctions, 85.75.Dd Magnetic mirrors, 52.55.Jd Magnetic moments of atoms, 32.10.Dk of hadrons, 13.40.Em local, in compounds and alloys, 75.20.Hr magnetometers for, 07.55.Jg of molecules, 33.15.Kr Magnetic monopoles, 14.80.Hv Magnetic multilayers, 75.70.–i Magnetic ordering, 75.10.–b, 75.25.+z Magnetic permeability measurement, 07.55.–w Magnetic phase transitions, 75.30.Kz Magnetic phenomena in gases, 51.60.+a Magnetic properties of clusters, 36.40.Cg of condensed matter (see 75) of gases, 51.60.+a materials treatment effects on, 81.40.Rs of nanostructures, 75.75.+a of rocks and minerals, 91.60.Pn of solid helium, 67.80.Jd of superconductors, 74.25.Ha Magnetic propulsion devices, 85.70.Rp Magnetic reconnection in plasmas, 52.35.Vd Magnetic recording devices, 85.70.Kh, Li for sound recording, *43.38.Qg Magnetic recording materials, 75.50.Ss Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in condensed matter, 76.60.Pc medical applications of, 87.61.–c rheological applications of, 83.85.Fg Magnetic resonance (radiation measurement), 87.66.Uv Magnetic resonance spectra of atoms, 32.30.Dx of condensed matter (see 76) of molecules, 33.25.+k Magnetic resonance spectrometers, 07.57.Pt Magnetic semiconductors conductivity of, 72.20.–i magnetic properties of, 75.50.Pp Magnetic shielding, 41.20.Gz in instruments, 07.55.Nk Magnetic storms, 94.30.Lr Magnetic susceptibility magnetically ordered materials, 75.30.Cr magnetometers for, 07.55.Jg of molecules, 33.15.Kr Magnetic tail (magnetosphere), 94.30.Ej Magnetic traps, 52.55.Jd, 52.55.Lf Magnetic variables measurement, 07.55.–w Magnetization in magnetic materials, 75.60.Ej magnetometers for, 07.55.Jg reversal, 75.60.Jk of superconductors, 74.25.Ha Magnetized target fusion, 52.55.Lf Magnetoacoustic devices, 85.70.Ec Magnetoacoustic effects, *43.35.Rw bulk matter, 72.55.+s thin films, 73.50.Rb Magnetoactive discharges, 52.80.Sm Magnetocaloric effect, 75.30.Sg Magnetoelastic effects, 75.80.+q Magnetoelasticity (continuum mechanics), 46.25.Hf Magnetoelectric devices, 85.80.Jm Magnetoelectric effects, 75.80.+q Magnetoelectronics, 85.75.–d Magnetoexcitons, 71.35.Ji Magnetohydrodynamic energy conversion, 52.75.Fk, 84.60.Lw Magnetohydrodynamics in astrophysics, 95.30.Qd in fluids, 47.65.+a in plasma dynamics and flow, 52.30.Cv in plasma simulation, 52.65.Kj Magnetomechanical effects, 75.80.+q Magnetometers, 07.55.Ge, Jg superconducting, 85.25.Dq Magnetooptical devices, 85.70.Sq Magnetooptical effects, 78.20.Ls Magnetopause, 94.30.Di Magnetoresistance ballistic, 75.47.Jn colossal, 75.47.Gk giant, 75.47.De in magnetic memory, 85.75.Bb of metals and alloys, 72.15.Gd in quantum Hall effects, 73.43.Qt of semiconductors, 72.20.My of thin films, 73.50.Jt Magnetorheological fluids, 83.80.Gv Magnetosheath, 94.30.Va Magnetosphere Earth configuration, 94.30.Ch interactions with ionosphere, 94.20.Yx ring currents in, 94.30.Jp planetary, 96.35.Kx Magnetostatic devices, 85.70.Ec Magnetostatics, 41.20.Gz Magnetostratigraphy, 91.25.Ph Magnetostriction, 75.80.+q Magnetostrictive devices, 85.70.Ev Magnetotelluric effects (geomagnetism), 91.25.Qi Magnetothermal devices, 85.80.Lp Magnetrons, 84.40.Fe Magnets, 07.55.Db for beam optics, 41.85.Lc permanent, 75.50.Ww superconducting, 84.71.Ba Magnons, 75.30.Ds photon–magnon interactions, 71.36.+c scattering by (electronic transport), 72.10.Di Majorana–Weyl fields, 04.50.+h Majorons, 14.80.Mz Mammography, 87.59.Ek Manganites (magnetotransport materials), 75.47.Lx Manifolds, 02.40.Sf, Tt Manipulators, 06.60.Sx Mantle, Earth's, 91.35.Gf rheology of, 91.10.Rn Many-body theory nuclear reactions, 24.10.Cn relativistic scattering theory, 11.80.Jy Many-electron systems, theories of, 71.10.–w Map lattices, coupled, 05.45.Ra Marine geology, 91.50.–r Marine life, acoustical detection of, *43.30.Sf Marine organisms bacteria, 92.20.Pz plankton, 92.20.Rb Marine pollution, 92.20.Ny Markov processes, 02.50.Ga Mars, 96.30.Gc Martensitic transformations, 81.30.Kf Masers, 84.40.Ik circumstellar, 97.10.Fy interstellar in external galaxies, 98.58.Ec in Milky Way, 98.38.Er Masking in lithography, 42.82.Cr, 85.40.–e in psychological acoustics, *43.66.Dc Mass galactic, 98.35.Ce, 98.62.Ck measurement of, 06.30.Dr nuclear, 21.10.Dr, Gv planetary, 96.35.Fs solar, 96.60.Bn stellar, 97.10.Nf, 97.10.Xq Mass differences, electromagnetic, 13.40.Dk Mass ejection (corona), 96.60.Wh Mass spectra, 32.10.Bi, 33.15.Ta Mass spectrometers, 07.75.+h Mass spectrometry Fourier transform, 82.80.Nj ion cyclotron resonance, 82.80.Qx SIMS, 68.49.Sf, 82.80.Ms time-of-flight, 82.80.Rt Mass-to-light ratio (galaxies), 98.62.Ve Material flow, 83.50.–v rock mechanics, 91.60.Ba Materials, new: theory, design, and fabrication, 81.05.Zx Materials processing, 81.20.–n in rheology, 83.50.Uv Materials science. See 81 Materials synthesis, specific materials, 81.05.–t Materials testing and analysis, 81.70.–q Mathematical methods in physics. See 02 Matrix theory, 02.10.Yn Matter waves, 03.75.–b Mean free path, electron in bulk matter, 72.15.Lh in thin films, 73.50.Gr Measurements common to several branches of physics and astronomy, 06.30.–k Measurement theory (quantum mechanics), 03.65.Ta Measurement units and standards, 06.20.Fn Mechanical alloying, 81.20.Ev Mechanical contacts, 46.55.+d Mechanical effects of light, 42.50.Vk Mechanical instability, 46.32.+x Mechanical instruments, 07.10.–h Mechanical properties beams, plates, and shells, 46.70.De biological tissues and organs, 87.19.Rr biomolecules, 87.15.La deformation and flow, 83.50.–v of fluids, 47.17.+e of gases, 51.35.+a of liquids, 62.10.+s materials treatment effects on, 81.40.–z of solids, 62.20.–x of solid surfaces and interfaces, 68.35.Gy of superconductors, 74.25.Ld of thin films, 68.60.Bs Mechanical resonance, 62.40.+i Mechanical systems, control of, 45.80.+r Mechanical testing, 81.70.Bt Mechanical variables measurement, 07.10.–h Mechanical vibrations, 46.40.–f Mechanical waves propagation of, 46.40.Cd resonance and damping of, 46.40.Ff Mechanics celestial, 45.50.Pk, 95.10.Ce continuum, 46, 83.10.Ff Lagrangian and Hamiltonian, 45.20.Jj Newtonian, 45.20.Dd quantum, 03.65.–w quantum statistical, 05.30.–d statistical, 05.20.–y structural, 46.70.–p Medical imaging, 87.57.–s equipment, 87.62.+n magnetic resonance, 87.61.–c non-ionizing radiation, 87.63.–d in nuclear medicine, 87.58.–b x-ray, 87.59.–e Medical physics. See 87 Meissner effect, 74.25.Ha Melting, 64.70.Dv Melts crystal growth from, 81.10.Fq film deposition from, 81.15.Lm Melt-textured superconductors, 74.81.Bd Membranes biological, 82.39.Wj, 87.15.Kg, 87.16.Dg in electrochemistry, 82.45.Mp structural acoustics of, *43.40.Dx structural mechanics of, 46.70.Hg Memory devices magnetic, 85.70.–w, 85.75.–d optical, 42.79.Vb superconducting, 85.25.Hv MEMS, 85.85.+j Mercury-based high-Tc superconductors, 74.72.Jt Mercury (planet), 96.30.Dz Mergers (galaxies), 98.65.Fz MESFET, 85.30.Tv Mesonic atoms and molecules, 36.10.Gv Mesonmeson interactions, 13.75.Lb Mesons hadronic decays, 13.25.–k leptonic decays, 13.20.–v production by photons and leptons, 13.60.Le properties of, 14.40.–n reactions and scattering induced by, 25.80.–e Mesophase rheology (liquid crystals), 83.80.Xz Mesoscopic systems electronic transport in, 73.23.–b, 73.63.–b electron states and collective excitations in, 73.21.–b optical properties of, 78.67.–n structure and nonelectronic properties of, 68.65.–k superconducting, 74.78.Na Mesosphere, 94.10.–s Mesozoic period, 91.70.Dh Metabolism, 87.58.–b Metal-based composites, 81.05.Ni Metal–insulator–metal structures, 73.40.Rw Metal–insulator–semiconductor structures, 73.40.Qv Metal–insulator transition, 71.30.+h Metallic glasses electronic structure of, 71.23.Cq synthesis of, 81.05.Kf Metallization, integrated circuits, 85.40.Ls Metallurgy. See 81 Metal–metal contacts, 73.40.Jn Metal–nonmetal contacts, 73.40.Ns Metals adsorbtion on, 68.47.De amorphous (transport properties), 72.15.Cz band structure of, 71.20.Be, Dg, Eh, Gj diamagnetism and paramagnetism in, 75.20.En impurity and defect absorption in, 78.40.Kc impurity and defect levels in, 71.55.Ak infrared spectra, 78.30.Er liquid electrical and thermal conduction, 72.15.Cz electronic structure, 71.22.+i structure, 61.25.Mv mass renormalization in, 71.38.Cn in material science, 81.05.Bx phase diagrams of, 81.30.Bx photoemission and photoelectron spectra, 79.60.Bm radiation effects on, 61.82.Bg Raman spectra of, 78.30.Er self-diffusion in, 66.30.Fq spin polarized transport in, 72.25.Ba structure of amorphous, 61.43.Dq crystalline, 61.66.Bi superconducting, 74.70.Ad thin films electrical conductivity of, 73.61.At optical properties of, 78.66.Bz transport processes in, 72.15.–v visible and ultraviolet spectra of, 78.40.Kc Metal–semiconductor–metal structures, 73.40.Sx Metal vapor lasers, 42.55.Lt Metamagnetism, 75.30.Kz Metastable phases, 64.60.My Meteorites, 96.50.Mt effects of cosmic rays on, 96.40.Vw Meteorological factors in acoustical noise propagation, *43.50.Vt in atmospheric optics, 42.68.Bz, Ge, Jg in atmospheric sound, *43.28.Fp Meteorology, 92.60.–e Meteors, 96.50.Kr Metrology, 06.20.–f laser applications, 42.62.Eh MHD modes (magnetic confinement), 52.55.Tn Micelles, 82.70.Uv reactions in, 82.33.Nq rheology of, 83.80.Qr Microcavity and microdisk lasers, 42.55.Sa Microdosimetry, 87.53.Rd Micro-electromechanical systems, 85.85.+j Microelectronics, 85.40.–e superconducting circuits, 85.25.Hv vacuum, 85.45.–w Microemulsions, interfacial properties of, 68.05.Gh Microgels (rheology), 83.80.Kn Microgravity environments for crystal growth, 81.10.Mx materials testing in, 81.70.Ha Microlensing techniques (astronomy), 95.75.De Micromachining in biology, 87.80.Mj in microelectronics, 85.40.Hp Micromanipulators (biology), 87.80.Fe Micromasers, 42.50.Pq Micromechanical devices, 07.10.Cm Microparticles magnetic materials, 75.50.Tt optical properties of, 78.66.Vs Microphones, 43.38.Kb Microscopy acoustical, *43.35.Sx, *43.58.Ls atomic force in biophysics, 87.64.Dz instrumentation for, 07.79.Lh in structure determination, 68.37.Ps electron in biophysics, 87.64.Ee in dislocation observations, 61.72.Ff instrumentation for, 07.78.+s in structure determination, 68.37.Ef, Hk, Lp, Nq field-ion and field emission instrumentation for, 07.78.+s in structure determination, 68.37.Vj friction force, 07.79.Sp magnetic force instrumentation for, 07.79.Pk in structure determination, 68.37.Rt optical in biophysics, 87.64.Rr conventional, 07.60.Pb near-field scanning, 07.79.Fc scanning tunneling in biophysics, 87.64.Dz instrumentation for, 07.79.Fc in structure determination, 68.37.Ef x-ray instrumentation, 07.85.Tt structure determination, 68.37.Yz Microstructure crystals, 61.72.–y liquid crystals, 61.30.Cz materials treatment effects on, 81.40.–z by solidification, 81.30.–t Microtubules, cellular, 87.16.Ka Microwave circuits, 84.40.Dc integrated, 84.40.Lj Microwave optical double resonance spectroscopy, 33.40.+f Microwave radiation biological effects of, 87.50.Jk interactions with condensed matter, 78.70.Gq in plasma, 52.25.Os plasma heating by, 52.50.Gj receivers and detectors, 07.57.Kp sources of, 07.57.Hm in therapy, 87.54.–n wave propagation, 41.20.Jb, 84.40.–x Microwave spectra astronomical observations, 95.85.Bh of atoms, 32.30.Bv of molecules, 33.20.Bx Microwave spectrometers, 07.57.Pt Microwave spectroscopy (chemical analysis), 82.80.Ha Microwave technology, 84.40.–x Microwave tubes, 84.40.Fe Mie scattering, 42.25.Fx, 42.68.Mj Military technology, 89.20.Dd Milky Way, 98.35.–a solar neighborhood, 98.35.Pr Millimeter wave technology, 84.40.–x Milling, 81.20.Wk Mineralogy geophysical aspects, 91.65.–n Moon, 96.20.Dt Minerals occurences and deposits, 91.65.Rg physical properties of, 91.60.–x Minisuperspace models, 04.60.Kz Minor planets, 96.30.Ys Mirrors magnetic (plasma), 52.55.Jd optical, 42.79.Bh design, 42.15.Eq Mixed conductivity, 72.60.+g Mixed state (superconductivity), 74.25.Op Mixed-valence solids, 71.28.+d, 75.20.Hr, 75.30.Mb Mixers, electronic, 84.30.Qi Mixing granular systems, 45.70.Mg materials processing (rheology), 83.50.Xa solutions, 64.75.+g Mixtures, 64.75.+g Mobility edges, 72.20.Ee MOCVD, 81.15.Gh chemistry of, 82.33.Ya Mode coupling, in plasmas, 52.35.Mw Mode locking, 42.60.Fc Moderators (nuclear reactors), 28.41.Pa Modulation doped field effect transistors (MODFET) Modulation transfer functions atmospheric optics, 42.68.–w imaging and optical processing, 42.30.Lr Modulators electronic, 84.30.Qi lasers, 42.60.Fc optical, 42.79.Hp Moire patterns, 42.30.Ms Moisture in atmosphere, 92.60.Jq measurement of, 07.07.Vx in soil, 92.40.Lg Molding, 81.20.Hy Molecular beam epitaxy, 81.15.Hi Molecular beams in chemical reactions, 34.50.Lf interactions with solids, 79.20.Rf irradiation effects of, 61.80.Lj sources and detectors of, 07.77.Gx Molecular biophysics, 87.15.–v Molecular clouds in external galaxies, 98.58.Db in the Milky Way, 98.38.Dq Molecular clusters, 36.40.–c Molecular collisions. see 34 Molecular conformation, 33.15.Bh of biomolecules, 87.15.He of macromolecules and polymers, 36.20.Ey Molecular dynamics of biomolecules, 87.15.He correlation times in, 33.15.Vb of macromolecules and polymers, 36.20.Ey in rheology, 83.10.Mj computer simulation of, 83.10.Rp Molecular dynamics calculations atomic and molecular physics, 31.15.Qg condensed matter, 71.15.Pd disordered solids, 61.43.Bn liquid structure, 61.20.Ja mathematical methods, 02.70.Ns in plasmas, 52.65.Yy Molecular electronic devices, 85.65.+h Molecular flows, 47.45.Dt Molecular interactions in astrophysics, 95.30.Ft in biomolecules, 87.15.Kg Molecular liquids, structure of, 61.25.Em Molecular moments, 33.15.Kr Molecular nanostructures, fabrication of, 81.07.Nb Molecular-orbital methods applied to atoms and molecules, 31.15.Ne solids, 71.15.Ap Molecular physics. See 30 Molecular sieves, 82.75.–z Molecular solids, 31.70.Ks Molecular spectra, 33.20.–t in astrophysics, 95.30.Ky Molecular structure, 33.15.–e Molecular weights (macromolecules and polymers), 36.20.Cw Molecule manipulation proteins and other biological molecules, 82.37.Rs STM and AFM studies, 82.37.Gk Molecule–molecule reactions, 82.30.Cf Molecules cooling and trapping of, 33.80.Ps scattering, 34.50.–s from surfaces, 34.50.Dy, 68.49.Df Molten-carbonate fuel cells (MCFC), 82.47.Lh Molten salts, structure of, 61.20.Qg Monochromators, charged-particle, 41.85.Si Monographs, 01.30.Ee Monolayers, 68.18.–g, 68.47.Pe in electrochemistry, 82.45.Mp Monolytic integrated circuits, 85.40.–e Monopoles, magnetic, 14.80.Hv Monte Carlo method applications of, 02.70.Uu disordered solids, 61.43.Bn liquid structure, 61.20.Ja modification of, 02.50.Tt nuclear-reaction models, 24.10.Lx nuclear structure, 21.60.Ka plasma simulation, 52.65.–y in probability theory and statistics, 02.50.Ng quantum, 02.70.Ss radiotherapy, 87.53.Wz statistical physics and nonlinear dynamics, 05.10. Ln Moon, 96.20.–n Morphogenesis, 87.18.La Morphometry, 87.80.Pa MOS devices, 85.30.Tv MOSFET, 85.30.Tv Mössbauer spectroscopy in biophysics and medical physics, 87.64.Pj in chemical analysis, 82.80.Ej of molecules, 33.45.+x of solids, 76.80.+y in structural analysis, 61.18.Fs Motion (classical mechanics), 45.50.Dd Motion sensors, 07.07.Df Motor proteins, 87.16.Nn Motors, 84.50.+d MRI, 76.60.Pc, 87.61.–c M theory, 11.25.Yb Multicomponent plasmas, 52.27.Cm Multidimensional NMR, 82.56.Fk Multilayers electron states, 73.21.Ac magnetic ordering, 75.70.Cn optical properties of, 78.67.Pt structure and nonelectronic properties of, 68.65.Ac superconductivity, 74.78.Fk Multinuclear NMR, 82.56.Hg Multiphase flows, 47.55.Kf Multiphoton ionization and excitation atomic spectra, 32.80.Rm molecular spectra, 33.80.Rv quantum optics, 42.50.Hz Multiphoton microscopy (biophysics), 87.64.Vv Multiphoton processes, in photochemistry, 82.50.Pt Multiple resonances (molecular spectroscopy), 33.40.+f Multiple scattering (relativistic theory), 11.80.La Multiplexers, 42.79.Sz Multivariate analysis, 02.50.Sk Muon–hadron scattering, 13.60.–r Muonic atoms and molecules, 36.10.Dr Muon-induced nuclear reactions, 25.30.Mr Muonium, 36.10.Dr chemical reactions, 82.20.Tr Muons in astronomical observations, 95.85.Ry capture by nuclei, 23.40.–s cosmic rays, 96.40.Tv decays, 13.35.Bv properties of, 14.60.Ef scattering, 25.30.Mr Muon spin rotation and relaxation, 76.75.+i Muscles, 87.19.Ff Music and musical instruments, 43.75.+a, *43.75.–z electronic, computer music, *43.75.Wx wind instruments, *43.75.Pq, Qr N Nambu–Goldstone bosons, 14.80.Mz Nanocontacts electronic transport in, 73.63.Rt fabrication of, 81.07.Lk Nanocrystalline materials diffusion in, 66.30.Pa in electrochemistry, 82.45.Yz electronic structure of, 73.22.–f electronic transport in, 73.63.Bd fabrication, 81.07.Bc magnetic, 75.50.Tt mechanical properties of, 62.25.+g optical properties of, 78.67.Bf phase transitions in, 64.70.Nd phonons or vibrational states, 63.22.+m radiation effects, 61.82.Rx structure of, 61.46.+w thermal properties of, 65.80.+n Nanodiffraction, 61.14.Lj Nano-electromechanical systems, 85.85.+j Nanoelectronic devices, 85.35.–p Nanofabrication, methods of, 81.16.–c Nanolithography, 81.16.Nd Nanooxidation, 81.16.Pr Nanoparticles electronic structure of, 73.22.–f optical properties of, 78.67.Bf phonons in, 63.22.+m structure of, 61.46.+w thermal properties of, 65.80.+n, 82.60.Qr Nanopowders, 81.07.Wx Nanoscale pattern formation, 81.16.Rf Nanosecond techniques, 06.60.Jn Nanostructures electronic transport in, 73.63.–b electron states, 73.21.–b fabrication of, 81.07.–b femtochemistry of, 82.53.Mj magnetic properties of, 75.75.+a optical properties of, 78.67.–n photoemission and photoelectron spectra of, 79.60.Jv structure and nonelectronic properties of, 68.65.–k superconducting, 74.78.Na Nanotechnology biomedical applications, 87.83.+a methods of nanofabrication and processing, 81.16.–c nano-electromechanical systems, 85.85.+j nanoelectronic devices, 85.35.–p nanoscale materials and structures, 81.07.–b Nanotubes devices, 85.35.Kt electronic structure of, 73.22.–f electronic transport in, 73.63.Fg fabrication of, 81.07.De optical properties of, 78.67.Ch structure of, 61.46.+w thermal properties of, 65.80.+n Narrow-band semiconductors (electron states), 71.28.+d National laboratory facilities, 01.52.+r Natural materials, rheology of, 83.80.Mc (N,d) reactions, 25.40.Hs Near-field scanning optical microscopy, 68.37.Uv in biophysics, 87.64.Xx instrumentation for, 07.79.Fc Nebulae in external galaxies, 98.58.–w in Milky Way, 98.38.–j solar, 96.10.+i Negative-ion plasmas, 52.27.Cm Negative resistance, 72.20.Ht, 73.50.Fq Nematic liquid crystals phase transitions in, 64.70.Md rheology of, 83.80.Xz structure of, 61.30.–v NEMS, 85.85.+j Neotectonics, 91.45.Ei Neptune, 96.30.Rm Nerve cells, 87.17.Nn Neural engineering, 87.80.Xa Neural networks, 84.35.+i acoustical, *43.60.Np cellular, 87.18.Sn in computers, 07.05.Mh optical, 42.79.Ta for speech recognition, *43.72.Bs Neuroscience, 87.19.La Neutral currents, 12.15.Mm Neutrino oscillations, 14.60.Pq Neutrinos in astronomical observations, 95.85.Ry cosmic rays galactic, 98.70.Sa Solar System, 96.40.Tv decays of, 13.35.Hb interactions, 13.15.+g mass and mixing, 14.60.Pq in non-standard model, 14.60.St in nuclear scattering, 25.30.Pt ordinary, 14.60.Lm solar, 26.65.+t, 96.60.Jw Neutron diffraction, 61.12.–q in biophysics and medical physics, 87.64.Bx Neutron dosimetry, 87.53.Pb, Qc Neutron–hyperon interactions, 13.75.Ev Neutron-induced fission, 25.85.Ek Neutron interferometry, 03.75.Dg Neutron–meson interactions, 13.75.–n, 13.85.–t Neutron–neutron interactions, 13.75.Cs, 13.85.–t Neutron optics, 03.75.Be Neutron–pion interactions, 13.75.Gx, 13.85.–t Neutron–proton interactions, 13.75.Cs, 13.85.–t Neutron reflectometry, 61.12.Ha Neutrons absorption, 28.20.Fc diffusion and moderation, 28.20.Gd distribution in nuclei, 21.10.Gv properties of, 14.20.Dh radiation damage by, 61.80.Hg sources of, 29.25.Dz Neutron scattering, 28.20.Cz elastic, 25.40.Dn inelastic condensed matter, 78.70.Nx nuclear reactions, 25.40.Fq radiative capture, 25.40.Lw spin arrangements determination, 75.25.+z structural analysis, 61.12.Ex Neutron shielding medical physics, 87.52.Ga nuclear engineering, 28.20.Fc Neutron spectroscopy, 29.30.Hs Neutron stars, 97.60.Jd nuclear matter aspects of, 26.60.+c Newtonian mechanics, 45.20.Dd NEXAFS, 61.10.Ht Nightglow, 94.10.Rk Niobates dielectric materials, 77.84.Bw superconductors, 74.70.Ad Nitrides dielectric materials, 77.84.Bw refractories, 81.05.Je superconductors, 74.70.Ad NMR imaging, 76.60.Pc, 87.61.–c Noise acoustic, *43.50.–x, 43.50.+y underwater, *43.30.Nb electrical circuits, 07.50.Hp electronic bulk matter, 72.70.+m thin films, 73.50.Td fluctuation phenomena, 05.40.Ca in integrated circuits, 85.40.Qx in lasers, 42.60.Mi quantum, 42.50.Lc superconductivity fluctuations, 74.40.+k turbulence-generated, 47.27.Sd Nondestructive testing of materials, 81.70.–q in structural acoustics, *43.40.Le Nonequilibrium processes chemical reaction kinetics, 82.40.Bj fluid flows, 47.70.–n superconductivity, 74.40.+k thermodynamics, 05.70.Ln Non-Fermi-liquid ground states, 71.10.Hf Nonhomogeneous flows, 47.55.–t Nonlinear acoustics, *43.25.–x, 43.25.+y Nonlinear dynamics, 05.45.–a Nonlinear guided waves, 42.65.Tg Nonlinear (nonlocal) field theory, 11.10.Lm Nonlinear optical materials, 42.70.Mp, Nq Nonlinear optics, 42.65.–k with polymers, 82.35.Ej Nonlinear symmetries, 11.30.Na Nonlinear waveguides, optical, 42.65.Wi Nonneutral plasmas, 52.27.Jt Non-Newtonian fluid flows, 47.50.+d Nonradiative transitions, 32.50.+d, 33.50.–j Non-standard model particles Higgs bosons, 14.80.Cp neutrinos, 14.60.St production in electron–positron interactions, 13.66.Hk North America, 93.30.Hf Novae, 97.30.Qt, 97.80.Gm nuclear physics aspects of, 26.50.+x nucleosynthesis in, 26.30.+k Nozzle flow, 47.60.+i (n,p) reactions, 25.40.Kv (N,t), (N,3He), and (N,) reactions, 25.40.Hs Nuclear astrophysics. See 26 Nuclear binding energy, 21.10.Dr Nuclear charge, 21.10.Ft Nuclear collective resonances, 24.30.Cz, Gd Nuclear coulomb effects, 21.10.Sf Nuclear data analysis, 29.85.+c Nuclear decay. See 23 Nuclear deformation, 21.10.Gv Nuclear emulsions, 29.40.Rg Nuclear energy levels, 21.10.–k Nuclear engineering. See 28 Nuclear explosions, 28.70.+y Nuclear fission, 24.75.+i, 25.85.–w Nuclear fission power, 89.30.Gg Nuclear forces, 21.30.–x Nuclear form factors, 13.40.Gp, 21.10.Ft Nuclear fusion power, 89.30.Jj Nuclear g-factors, 21.10.Ky Nuclear giant resonances, 24.30.Cz Nuclear hole states, 21.10.Pc Nuclear instrumentation. See 29 Nuclear magnetic resonance in biophysics, 87.64.Hd in chemical physics, 82.56.–b in condensed matter, 76.60.–k defect structure determinations by, 61.72.Hh in molecules, 33.25.+k in solid helium, 67.80.Jd structural analysis by, 61.18.Fs, 82.56.Ub in superconductors, 74.25.Nf Nuclear mass, 21.10.Dr Nuclear matter, 21.65.+f Nuclear medicine, 87.58.–b Nuclear models, 21.60.–n Nuclear moments, 21.10.Ky Nuclear orientation devices, 29.30.Lw Nuclear Overhauser effect, 33.35.+r Nuclear parity, 21.10.Hw Nuclear physics. See 20 Nuclear properties, 21.10.–k of specific nuclei (see 27) Nuclear quadrupole resonance in condensed matter, 76.60.Gv in molecules, 33.25.+k Nuclear reactions. See 24 and 25 Nuclear reactors fission type, 28.41.–i, 28.50.–k fusion type, 28.52.–s, 52.55.–s safety, 28.41.Te, 28.52.Nh Nuclear reactor safety, 28.41.Te Nuclear shell model, 21.60.Cs Nuclear tests of fundamental interactions and symmetries, 24.80.+y Nucleation chemical thermodynamics of, 82.60.Nh in crystal growth, 81.10.Aj in film growth, 68.55.Ac in phase transitions, 64.60.Qb Nucleon decays, 13.30.–a, 14.20.Dh Nucleon–hyperon interactions, 13.75.Ev Nucleon-induced reactions, 25.40.–h Nucleon–kaon interactions, 13.75.Jz Nucleon–meson interactions, 13.75.Gx, 13.85.–t, Jz Nucleon–nucleon interactions, 13.75.Cs, 13.85.–t Nucleon–pion interactions, 13.75.Gx, 13.85.–t Nucleons, 14.20.Dh Nucleosynthesis Big Bang, 26.35.+c cosmic ray, 26.40.+r in cosmology, 98.80.Ft stellar, 97.10.Cv hydrostatic, 26.20.+f in novae, supernovae, 26.30.+k Nucleus, compound in heavy-ion reactions, 25.70.Gh statistical theory of, 24.60.Dr Number theory, 02.10.De Numerical methods (mathematics), 02.60.–x O Obituaries, 01.60.+q, *43.05.Sf Observatories, 95.45.+i Occultations, 95.10.Gi Ocean basin thermometry, *43.30.Qd Ocean biology, 92.20.Jt Ocean bottom processes, 91.50.Ey Ocean chemistry, 92.20.Cm Ocean/Earth/atmosphere interaction, 91.10.Vr Oceanic crust seismology, 91.30.Ye Oceanographic regions, 93.30.–w Oceanography, 92.10.–c acoustical methods in, *43.30.Pc Ocean optics, 42.68.Xy Oceans fine structure and microstructure of, 92.10.Ns global changes in, 92.70.Jw thermohaline structure and circulation in, 92.10.Mr ODMR, 76.70.Hb Ohmic contacts, 73.40.Cg Omega mesons, 14.40.Ev One-dimensional conductivity, 72.15.Nj Oort cloud, 96.50.Hp Operational calculus, 02.30.Vv Operator theory, 02.30.Tb Ophthalmic optics, 42.66.Ct Optical absorption in atmosphere, 42.68.Ay, 94.10.Gb in atoms, 32.30.Jc in condensed matter, 78.20.Ci in molecules, 33.20.Kf in plasma, 52.25.Os wave propagation, 42.25.Bs Optical activity in condensed matter, 78.20.Ek in molecules, 33.55.Ad Optical beam splitters, 42.79.Fm Optical bistability, 42.65.Pc Optical coatings, 42.79.Wc Optical collimators, 42.79.Ag Optical communication systems, 42.79.Sz Optical computers, 42.79.Ta Optical constants, 78.20.Ci Optical cooling and trapping of atoms, 32.80.Pj in biology, 87.80.–y of molecules, 33.80.Ps Optical correlators, 42.79.Hp Optical couplers, 42.82.Et fiber-optical, 42.81.Qb non-fiber-optical, 42.79.Gn Optical design, 42.15.Eq Optical devices, 42.79.–e Optical disks, 42.79.Vb Optical double-resonance spectroscopy, 33.40.+f Optical elements, 42.79.–e Optical fibers, 42.81.–i fiber networks, 42.81.UV Optical filters, 42.79.Ci Optical frequency converters, 42.79.Nv Optical frequency synthesizers, 42.62.Eh Optical instabilities (quantum optics), 42.65.Sf Optical instruments, 07.60.–j Optically detected magnetic resonance (ODMR), 76.70.Hb Optical materials, 42.70.–a Optical methods in rheology, 83.85.Ei Optical mixing, 42.65.Hw Optical models (nuclear reactions), 24.10.Ht Optical modulators, 42.79.Hp Optical nutation, 42.50.Md Optical processors, 42.79.Hp Optical properties of bulk materials and thin films, 78.20.–e of clusters, 36.40.Vz of gases, 51.70.+f materials treatment effects on, 81.40.Tv of multilayers, 78.67.Pt of nanocrystals and nanoparticles, 78.67.Bf of nanotubes, 78.67.Ch of plasma, 52.70.Kz of quantum dots, 78.67.Hc of quantum wells, 78.67.De of quantum wires, 78.67.Lt of rocks and minerals, 91.60.Mk of specific thin films, 78.66.–w of superlattices, 78.67.Pt of surfaces, 78.68.+m Optical pumping of atoms, 32.80.Bx of molecules, 33.80.Be Optical radars, 42.79.Qx Optical scanners, 42.79.Ls Optical sensors, 07.07.Df, 42.79.Pw Optical storage devices, 42.79.Vb media, 42.70.Ln Optical switches, 42.79.Ta Optical systems, 42.79.–e design of, 42.15.Eq Optical testing, 42.87.–d Optical tomography, 42.30.Wb Optical transfer function, 42.30.Lr Optical waveguides, 42.82.Et fiber, 42.81.Qb non-fiber, 42.79.Gn nonlinear, 42.65.Wi Optical workshop techniques, 42.86.+b Optic nerve, 42.66.Ew Optics. See 42 Optoelectronic devices, 85.60.–q Optogalvanic spectroscopic methods, 82.80.Kq Orbits (astronomy) determination of, 95.10.Eg planetary, 96.35.Fs Order–disorder transitions, 64.60.Cn, 64.70.Kb crystallographic aspect, 61.50.Ks materials science aspects, 81.30.Hd surfaces, 68.35.Rh Organelles, 87.16.Tb Organic–inorganic hybrid nanostructures, 81.07.Pr Organic materials absorption and reflection spectra, 78.40.Me dielectric properties, 77.84.Jd in electrochemistry, 82.45.Wx electronic structure, 71.20.Rv EPR spectra, 76.30.–v fabrication, 81.05.Lg infrared and Raman spectra, 78.30.Jw optical materials, 42.70.Jk photoemission and photoelectron spectra, 79.60.Fr photoluminescence, 78.55.Kz radiation effects, 61.82.Pv structure, 61.66.Hq superconductivity, 74.70.Kn thin films conductivity, 73.61.Ph optical properties, 78.66.Qn Organic semiconductors, 72.80.Le Organisms properties of, 87.19.–j radiation and external field effects on, 87.50.–a Oscillating flow, 47.35.+i Oscillations laser, 42.60.Rn plasma, 52.35.–g seismological, 91.30.Ks solar, 96.60.Ly stellar, 97.10.Sj Oscillators coupled, 05.45.Xt electronic, 84.30.Ng optical parametric, 42.65.Yj Oscillator strengths atomic spectra, 32.70.Cs molecular spectra, 33.70.Ca Oscilloscopes, 07.07.Hj Osmosis, in biological systems, 82.39.Wj Osteodensitometry, 87.59.Ls Oxidation (surface treatment), 81.65.Mq Oxides adsorption on, 68.47.Gh dielectric properties of, 77.84.Bw refractories, 81.05.Je Ozone layer atmospheric chemistry, 82.33.Tb global change, 92.70.Cp P Pacific Ocean, 93.30.Pm Pairing interactions (electronic structure), 71.10.Li Pairing symmetries (superconductivity), 74.20.Rp Pair production, 23.20.Ra Paleomagnetism, 91.25.Ng Paleozoic period, 91.70.Fj Parallaxes (stellar), 97.10.Vm Paramagnetic resonance, 76.30.–v Paramagnetism, 75.20.–g Parametric oscillators and amplifiers, optical, 42.65.Yj Parity nuclear properties, 21.10.Hw symmetry (fields and particles), 11.30.Er Partial differential equations, 02.30.Jr Particle acceleration classical mechanics, 45.50.Dd interplanetary space, 96.50.Pw Particle beams sources, 52.59.–f Particle correlations, relativistic collisions, 25.75.Gz Particle generation (laserplasma interactions), 52.38.Ph Particle-in-cell method (plasma simulation), 52.65.Rr Particle orbits classical mechanics, 45.50.Pk plasma, 52.20.Dq plasma simulation, 52.65.Cc Particle production (relativistic collisions), 25.75.Dw Particle-theory models (Early Universe), 98.80.Cq Passivation electrochemistry, 82.45.Bb surface treatment, 81.65.Rv Pastes, 83.80.Hj Patch clamping (biology), 87.80.Jg Path-integral methods (atomic physics), 31.15.Kb Pattern formation in biological cells, 87.18.Hf in chemical kinetics, 82.40.Ck in complex systems, 89.75.Kd ecological, 87.23.–n in fluid dynamics, 47.54.+r in granular systems, 45.70.Qj Pattern recognition acoustics, *43.60.Lq optics, 42.30.Sy Pattern selection (fluid dynamics), 47.54.+r Pattern transfer techniques integrated electronics, 85.40.Hp integrated optics, 42.82.Cr (p,B) reactions, 25.40.Qa Peierls instability electronic conduction, 72.15.Nj metal–insulator transitions, 71.30.+h Penetration depth (superconductivity), 74.25.Ha Penning discharges, 52.80.Sm Perception speech, *43.71.–k, 43.71.+m visual, 42.66.Si Percolation (phase transitions), 64.60.Ak Permanent magnets, 75.50.Ww Permittivity, 77.22.Ch Persistent currents (mesoscopic systems), 73.23.Ra Personal notes, 01.60.+q *acoustics, 43.10.Fg Perturbation theory, applied to atomic physics, 31.15.Md classical mechanics, 45.10.Hj continuum mechanics, 46.15.Ff electronic structure of solids, 71.15.–m gauge field theories, 11.15.Bt plasma simulation, 52.65.Vv quantum chromodynamics, 12.38.Bx, Cy PET, 87.58.Fg Petrology geophysical aspects of, 91.65.–n on Moon, 96.20.Dt Phantoms (dosimetry), 87.66.Xa Phase, of electromagnetic field, 42.50.Dv Phase coherence quantum optics, 42.50.Gy Phase conjugation, 42.65.Hw Phase contrast microscopy (biophysics), 87.64.Rr Phase diagrams many-electron systems, 71.10.Hf metals and alloys, 81.30.Bx nonmetallic systems, 81.30.Dz superconductors, 74.25.Dw Phase equilibria. See 64 Phase identification (thin films), 68.55.Nq Phase retrieval (optics), 42.30.Rx Phase separation, 64.75.+g Phase transitions, 05.70.Fh, 64.60.–i, 64.70.–p chemical thermodynamics of, 82.60.Fa in clusters, 36.40.Ei crystallographic aspects of, 61.50.Ks displacive, 63.70.+h excitonic, 71.35.Lk ferroelectric, 77.80.Bh in Langmuir–Blodgett films, 68.18.Jk magnetic, 75.30.Kz in nanoscale materials, 64.70.Nd quantum Hall effects, 73.43.Nq rheology, 83.10.Tv rocks and minerals, 91.60.Hg solid–solid, 81.30.–t at surfaces and interfaces, 68.35.Rh Philosophy of science, 01.70.+w, *43.10.Mq PH measurement, 82.80.Yc Phonon–exciton interactions, 63.20.Ls Phonon–magnon interactions, 63.20.Ls Phonon–phonon interactions, 63.20.Kr Phonons in crystal lattices, 63.20.–e in low-dimensional structures, 63.22.+m in nanoscale materials, 63.22.+m photon–phonon interactions, 71.36.+c scattering by, 72.10.Di Phosphorescence of atoms, 32.50.+d in condensed matter, 78.55.–m of molecules, 33.50.Dq Phosphoric-acid fuel cells (PAFC), 82.47.Pm Photoacoustic effect, *43.35.Ud, 78.20.Hp Photoacoustic spectroscopy in chemical analysis, 82.80.Kq in materials testing, 81.70.Cv Photocathodes, 85.60.Ha Photochemistry, 82.50.–m of biomolecules, 87.15.Mi, Rn control of, 82.50.Nd in oceanography, 92.20.Kv single molecule, 82.37.Vb Photoconductivity bulk matter, 72.40.+w thin films, 73.50.Pz Photodetachment atomic ions, 32.80.Gc molecules, 33.80.Eh Photodetectors, 42.79.Pw, 85.60.Gz in astronomy, 95.55.Aq infrared, 07.57.Kp superconducting, 85.25.Oj Photodiodes, 85.60.Dw Photodissociation of biomolecules, 87.15.Mi of molecules, 33.80.Gj pump-probe studies of, 82.53.Eb Photodynamic therapy, 87.54.Fj Photoelasticity, 78.20.Hp Photoelectric energy conversion, 84.60.Jt Photoelectrochemical cells, 82.47.Jk Photoelectrochromic storage devices, 82.47.Jk Photoelectron microscopy, 68.37.Xy Photoelectron spectroscopy in biophysics, 87.64.Lg in chemical analysis, 82.80.Pv of condensed matter, 79.60.–i of molecules, 33.60.–q Photoemission, 79.60.–i Photofission, 25.85.Jg Photogrammetry, 91.10.Lh Photography, 07.68.+m astronomical applications of, 95.75.De Photoionization of atoms, 32.80.Fb inner-shell ionization, 32.80.Hd multiphoton ionization, 32.80.Rm of biomolecules, 87.15.Mi of molecules, 33.80.Eh multiphoton ionization, 33.80.Rv photochemical reactions, 82.50.–m Photolithography, 85.40.Hp Photoluminescence, 78.55.–m Photolysis, 82.50.–m Photometers, 07.60.Dq in astronomy, 95.55.Qf, 95.75.De Photomultipliers, 85.60.Ha in nuclear physics, 29.40.–n Photon–atom interactions, 32.80.–t coherent control of, 32.80.Qk effects of atomic coherence, 42.50.Gy Photon counting and statistics, 42.50.Ar Photon echo, 42.50.Md Photo